This edited volume presents a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of bioprocess technology, emphasizing its expanding role across agriculture, pharmaceuticals, energy, and sustainable industrial practices. The book brings together leading researchers and professionals to discuss cutting-edge developments in upstream and downstream processing, bioreactor design, fermentation advancements, and innovative biomass utilization approaches.Beginning with the fundamentals of bioprocess engineering, the chapters highlight the industrial significance of bioprocessing in food technology, biopharmaceutical production, biopesticides, and waste valorization. Special attention is given to the transformation of agricultural, horticultural, and plastic waste into high-value bioproducts, supporting the global movement toward circular bioeconomy and sustainable resource management.The book also delves into the emerging role of biorefineries, microalgae-based systems, CO₂ capture technologies, and advancements in process monitoring and automation. It offers a detailed examination of the pharmaceutical applications of bioprocessing, including enzyme engineering, drug development, and innovative clinical trial products.A dedicated section emphasizes the contribution of bioprocessing to sustainable agriculture, focusing on waste repurposing, secondary agriculture, and green technologies that support environmental resilience and food security.Designed for students, researchers, industrial professionals, and policymakers, this book serves as a valuable resource for understanding modern bioprocess innovations, challenges, and future opportunities. Its interdisciplinary approach provides a strong foundation for advancing industrial biotechnology, sustainability science, and bioresource engineering.