Informal Post-Socialist Economy

Jeremy Morris teaches at the University of Birmingham, UKAbel Polese is a research fellow at the Institute for International Conflict Resolution and Reconstruction of Dublin City University and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Political Science and Governance of Tallinn University.

• Foreword Introduction: Informality – Enduring Practices, Entwined Livelihoods Part 1: ‘Entrepreneurial’ Informality? Self- and Off-the-books Employment 1. The Diverse Livelihood Practices of Health-care Workers in Ukraine: the Case of Sasha and Natasha 2. The Story of Šarūnas: an Invisible Citizen of Lithuania 3. Moonlighting Strangers Met on the Way: the Nexus of Informality and Blue-collar Sociality in Russia 4. Nannies and Informality in Romanian Local Childcare Markets 5. Drinking with Vova: An Individual Entrepreneur between Illegality and Informality 6. When is an Illicit Taxi Driver More than a Taxi Driver? Case Studies from Transit and Trucking in Post-socialist Slovakia Part 2: At Home Abroad? Transnational Informality and the Invisible Flows of People and Goods 7. From Shuttle Trader to Businesswomen: the Informal Bazaar Economy in Kyrgyzstan 8. ‘Business as Casual’: Shuttle Trade on the Belarus-Lithuania Border 9. ‘The Glove Compartment Half-full of Letters’ – Informality & Cross-border Trade at the Edge of the Schengen Area 10. Informal Economy Writ Large and Small: From Azerbaijani Herb Traders to Moscow Shop Owners

'This book brings together an interesting set of contributions on the important theme of informality, ranging from cross-border petty trading, informal blue-collar moonlighting to employment and entrepreneurship. The editors stimulate a timely discussion about the nature of informality and encourage readers to think laterally and broadly about the relations between informality and formal structures of power and economy.' – Sally Nikoline Cummings, University of St Andrews, UK'This book is essential reading not only for those who seek a nuanced understanding of the nature of informal economic practices but also those interested in acquiring a deeper appreciation of this most fascinating of regions, the world that abandoned communism, often without implementing a sustainable alternative. Illuminating and frequently surprising, even for those intimate with the region, this superb collection is destined to become the standard work for those intrigued by these vital economic practices that lie just beneath the surface or out of public view throughout the post-communist world.' – Donnacha Ó Beacháin, Dublin City University, Ireland'From illicit Taxi drivers in Slovakia to herb traders in Azerbaijan, the diverse and rich ethnographic case studies in this volume provide a vivid and colourful analysis of informal practices and transactions in the post-Socialist space. The Informal Post-Socialist Economy makes an important contribution to our conceptual understanding of informal practices. Rather than viewing informality as marginal, transitional and lurking in the shadows, in this volume Jeremy Morris and Abel Polese adopt a post-structural approach and have brought together cases studies which finesse a more nuanced understanding of informality. This is achieved by studying informal economic practices through the lens of the socially embedded every-day lived experience of people’s lives. In doing so it achieves a shift in our normative understanding of the nature of informal practices and also challenges the perceived binary between formal and informal economies. The significant in-field experience and inter-disciplinary nature of the volume’s contributions gives the ethnographic case studies great depth which acts to highlight the tension within informal economic practices between a capitalist individualist logic and logic of mutuality and reciprocity. This probing and fascinating book will be of great interest to a broad range of scholars and students interested in the economy and politics of post-Socialist states.' – Rico Isaacs, Oxford Brookes University, UK'This edited volume is an excellent contribution to our understanding of informality in the context of post-socialist economies. With rich empirical evidence gathered from a vast geography stretching between Central Asia and Eastern Europe, the authors reveal an untold story of capitalist transformation. In their anthropological and ethnographic research the human condition takes the central place, not frequently misrepresented economic growth figures and business statistics. We read about tragedies, disappointments as well as hopes of new entrepreneurs within capitalist market developments. They all strive to have a small stake in the winners world. Informal Post-Socialist Economy is a very valuable source for scholars and practitioners.' – Gül Berna Özcan, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK'This book has been overdue because its authors analyse informal economic practices beyond a normative moral perspective by choosing composite informants to make clear that these practices are also highly politicized. An innovative and inspiring form to present ethnographic data!' – Bettina Bruns, Leipzig Institute for Regional Geography, Germany'This book assembles an impressive number of case studies on informal economic practices related to employment and work in post-socialist countries. Mainly following a socio-anthropological approach they provide deep insights into everyday life in these societies. Even more importantly, they offer many (often implicit) challenges to conventional wisdom on post-socialist transition and informality. The book can, thus, be of special value to open-minded social scientists.' – Heiko Pleines, Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen, Germany'This is the first book that really brings out the interface between those two levels and shows how, without the former, we cannot understand the latter. Not only it demonstrates the relevance of informal transactions in post-socialist spaces. It also offers a hands-on overview on how informal mechanisms operate, providing the reader with an understanding of how embedded and important these transactions are both at the micro and macro level in post-socialist societies.' – Gaudenz Assenza, Director, University for the Future Initiative, Slovakia'The book edited by Morris and Polese is a highly successful effort to shed light on an important aspect of post socialist economies, the informal economy, which influences all spheres of life, from electoral politics to cultural transformations. The ethnographic approach taken in this book, focusing on individual life stories within a wider context of informal economy, allows to reveal a unique and refreshing perspective on this vital aspect of post socialist transition.' – Mikayel Zolyan, V. Brusov Yerevan State Linguistic University, Armenia'This book is a deep exploration into the nature and diversity of informal economies. The editors have put together contributions from authors with a deep experience in the field allowing them to go well beyond normative approaches engaging with a variety of case studies. Not only they demonstrate how little the phenomenon has been explored, especially in post-socialism. They also, and equally importantly, show how wide informal economies underpin the structure of a society and that informality cannot be circumscribed to the weak or the poor but is a reality affecting the life of all segments a society.' – Cui Shoujun, Renmin University of China'This book is a most comprehensive attempt to describe how informality works, what are its causes and effects. It provides an interesting account on how “things are getting done” and on the nevernending competition between a state and its citizens. I am confident it will be of use not only to scholars but also to practitioners and anyone interested in public and social policy.' – Han Kurbanov, Turkmen Academy of Science, Turkmenistan