Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, PhD, is a consultant to industry, international lending institutions, and donor agencies on pollution prevention and responsible environmental care practices. With a career spanning more than thirty years, he is also the author, coauthor, or editor of more than 150 technical books and hundreds of state-of-the-art review and scientific articles. He received his BSc, MSc, and PhD degrees in chemical engineering from Clarkson College of Technology.

• Preface viiAbout the author xi1 Principles of Combustion 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Combustion Basics 31.3 Physical Gas Laws 91.4 Stoichiometric and Thermodynamic Considerations 111.5 Ignition 121.6 Flammability and Flammable Mixtures 141.7 Gas Mixtures 202 Overview of Flares and Gas Flaring Practices 232.1 General Description 232.2 Types of Flares 252.3 Flare System Components and Design Features 322.4 Flare Regulations 382.5 Flare Enforcement Actions 482.6 Major Suppliers 522.7 Flare Terminology 523 Overview of Disposal Systems and Relief Headers 593.1 Blowdown Systems 593.2 Disposal System Components 633.3 Quench Drum 703.4 Seals and the Seal Drum 713.5 Knockout Drums 734 Flare Types 754.1 Introduction 754.2 Hydrogen Assisted Flares 774.3 Steam Assisted Flares 924.4 Efficiency and Smoking Flares 975 Remote Sensing and Monitoring 1035.1 Introduction 1035.2 Remote Sensing Dial Technology 1035.3 Experience 1066 Practical Considerations and Emissions Calculations 1136.1 Introduction 1136.2 Sizing Considerations 1146.3 General Permit Obligations 1186.4 Monitoring System Requirements 1226.5 Marama Guidelines for Calculating Flare Emissions 1306.6 TCEQ New Source Review (NSR) Emission Calculations 1366.7 U.S. EPA’s AP-42 1456.8 Calculations Versus Measurement 1527 Case Studies 1577.1 Introduction 1577.2 The Exxon Chalmette Refinery 1587.3 The BP Texas City Refinery 1707.4 Valero Tennessee Refinery 232Appendix 241Properties Data 241

“Written by a chemical engineer, the book offers a comprehensive look at this complex subject . . . As the consequences of gas flaring practices become more widely understood, this reference can help professionals in refineries and chemical plants to reduce CO2 emissions.”  (Chemical Engineering Progress, 21 May 2013)