Michael Lawrence is Lecturer in Film Studies at the University of Sussex, UK. He is the author of Sabu and the co-editor, with Laura McMahon, of Animal Life and the Moving Image. He is currently editing, with Karen Lury, a collection on the representation of zoos in film, television and video. His research interests include Indian cinema, specifically popular Hindi cinema; histories and theories of stardom, performance and presence, with a particular focus on the work of children, animals and non-professionals; and the relationship between humanitarianism and film. He is currently completing a full-length monograph with the provisional title The Children and the Nations: International Humanitarianism and Film, 1940-1965.