: Professor Christensen holds the Chair of Pure and Applied Electrochemistry at Newcastle University, has worked in the field of electrochemistry for thirty four years, has published over 170 papers in this and related fields and one book. He is a graduate of Oxford University and the Royal Institution in London.

• Chapter 1. In situ FTIR studies on the acid-base equilibria of adsorbed species on well-defined metal electrode surfaces (A. Berná et al.). Chapter 2. Contributions of external reflection infrared spectroscopy to study the oxidation of small organic molecules (T. Iwasita, G.A. Camara).Chapter 3. Contribution of in situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy in the study of nanostructured fuel cell electrodes (J.-M. Lèger, F. Hahn).Chapter 4. In-situ FTIR spectroscopic studies of the adsorption and oxidation of small organic molecules at the Ru(0001) electrode under various conditions (Wen-Feng Lin et al.).Chapter 5. In situ microscope FTIR reflection spectroscopy and its applications in electrochemical adsorption and electrocatalysis on nanostructured surfaces (Shi-Gang Sun, Zhi-You Zhou).Chapter 6. IR spectroelectrochemistry: instrumentation and applications of external reflection, ATR and transmission sampling (C. Korzeniewski).Chapter 7. Electrocatalytic reactions on platinum electrodes studied by dynamic Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS)(M. Osawa).Chapter 8. In-situ spectroscopy of operating fuel cells (E.S. Smotkin).Chapter 9. Vibrational and electronic spectroscopic investigation of the electrochemical interface using IR-visible sum frequency generation and related nonlinear optical techniques (A. Tadjeddine, F. Vidal). Chapter 10. In situ raman spectroscopic studies of pyridine adsorption on different transition-metal surfaces (B. Ren et al.).Chapter 11. In-situ surface x-ray scattering and infra-red reflection adsorption spectroscopy of CO chemisorption at the electrochemical interface (C.A. Lucas, N.M. Markovic).Chapter 12. Resonance elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering processes for in-situ investigation of electrochemical interfaces (K.-C. Chang et al.).Chapter 13. In-situ ESR for studies of paramagnetic species on electrode surfaces and electron spins inside electrode materials (Lin Zhuang, Juntao Lu).Chapter 14. Coupling interfacial electrochemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an electronic perspective (YuYe Tong).Chapter 15. From stepped single crystal surfaces to ordered bimetallic electrodes: impact on electro catalysis and adsorption (H. Baltruschat).

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: Professor Christensen holds the Chair of Pure and Applied Electrochemistry at Newcastle University, has worked in the field of electrochemistry for thirty four years, has published over 170 papers in this and related fields and one book. He is a graduate of Oxford University and the Royal Institution in London.

• Chapter 1. In situ FTIR studies on the acid-base equilibria of adsorbed species on well-defined metal electrode surfaces (A. Berná et al.). Chapter 2. Contributions of external reflection infrared spectroscopy to study the oxidation of small organic molecules (T. Iwasita, G.A. Camara).Chapter 3. Contribution of in situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy in the study of nanostructured fuel cell electrodes (J.-M. Lèger, F. Hahn).Chapter 4. In-situ FTIR spectroscopic studies of the adsorption and oxidation of small organic molecules at the Ru(0001) electrode under various conditions (Wen-Feng Lin et al.).Chapter 5. In situ microscope FTIR reflection spectroscopy and its applications in electrochemical adsorption and electrocatalysis on nanostructured surfaces (Shi-Gang Sun, Zhi-You Zhou).Chapter 6. IR spectroelectrochemistry: instrumentation and applications of external reflection, ATR and transmission sampling (C. Korzeniewski).Chapter 7. Electrocatalytic reactions on platinum electrodes studied by dynamic Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS)(M. Osawa).Chapter 8. In-situ spectroscopy of operating fuel cells (E.S. Smotkin).Chapter 9. Vibrational and electronic spectroscopic investigation of the electrochemical interface using IR-visible sum frequency generation and related nonlinear optical techniques (A. Tadjeddine, F. Vidal). Chapter 10. In situ raman spectroscopic studies of pyridine adsorption on different transition-metal surfaces (B. Ren et al.).Chapter 11. In-situ surface x-ray scattering and infra-red reflection adsorption spectroscopy of CO chemisorption at the electrochemical interface (C.A. Lucas, N.M. Markovic).Chapter 12. Resonance elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering processes for in-situ investigation of electrochemical interfaces (K.-C. Chang et al.).Chapter 13. In-situ ESR for studies of paramagnetic species on electrode surfaces and electron spins inside electrode materials (Lin Zhuang, Juntao Lu).Chapter 14. Coupling interfacial electrochemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an electronic perspective (YuYe Tong).Chapter 15. From stepped single crystal surfaces to ordered bimetallic electrodes: impact on electro catalysis and adsorption (H. Baltruschat).

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: Professor Christensen holds the Chair of Pure and Applied Electrochemistry at Newcastle University, has worked in the field of electrochemistry for thirty four years, has published over 170 papers in this and related fields and one book. He is a graduate of Oxford University and the Royal Institution in London.

• Chapter 1. In situ FTIR studies on the acid-base equilibria of adsorbed species on well-defined metal electrode surfaces (A. Berná et al.). Chapter 2. Contributions of external reflection infrared spectroscopy to study the oxidation of small organic molecules (T. Iwasita, G.A. Camara).Chapter 3. Contribution of in situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy in the study of nanostructured fuel cell electrodes (J.-M. Lèger, F. Hahn).Chapter 4. In-situ FTIR spectroscopic studies of the adsorption and oxidation of small organic molecules at the Ru(0001) electrode under various conditions (Wen-Feng Lin et al.).Chapter 5. In situ microscope FTIR reflection spectroscopy and its applications in electrochemical adsorption and electrocatalysis on nanostructured surfaces (Shi-Gang Sun, Zhi-You Zhou).Chapter 6. IR spectroelectrochemistry: instrumentation and applications of external reflection, ATR and transmission sampling (C. Korzeniewski).Chapter 7. Electrocatalytic reactions on platinum electrodes studied by dynamic Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS)(M. Osawa).Chapter 8. In-situ spectroscopy of operating fuel cells (E.S. Smotkin).Chapter 9. Vibrational and electronic spectroscopic investigation of the electrochemical interface using IR-visible sum frequency generation and related nonlinear optical techniques (A. Tadjeddine, F. Vidal). Chapter 10. In situ raman spectroscopic studies of pyridine adsorption on different transition-metal surfaces (B. Ren et al.).Chapter 11. In-situ surface x-ray scattering and infra-red reflection adsorption spectroscopy of CO chemisorption at the electrochemical interface (C.A. Lucas, N.M. Markovic).Chapter 12. Resonance elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering processes for in-situ investigation of electrochemical interfaces (K.-C. Chang et al.).Chapter 13. In-situ ESR for studies of paramagnetic species on electrode surfaces and electron spins inside electrode materials (Lin Zhuang, Juntao Lu).Chapter 14. Coupling interfacial electrochemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an electronic perspective (YuYe Tong).Chapter 15. From stepped single crystal surfaces to ordered bimetallic electrodes: impact on electro catalysis and adsorption (H. Baltruschat).

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