Steven Epstein is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of California, San Diego. The work on which this book is based won the American Sociological Association's award for best dissertation of the year.

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS                                      Introduction: Controversy, Credibility, and the Public Character of AIDS ResearchThe Crisis of Credibility and the Rise of the AIDS MovementAnalyzing AIDS ControversiesThe Plan of the BookConceptualizing AIDS: Some Intellectual DebtsPART ONE: THE POLITICS OFCAUSATION1. The Nature of a New Threat                       The Discovery of a "Gay Disease" (1981-1982)Lifestyle vs. Virus (1982-1983)The Triumph of Retrovirology (1982-1984)2. HIV and the Consolidation of Certainty           The Construction of Scientific Proof (1984-1986)HIV as "Obligatory Passage Point"3. Reopening the Causation Controversy             From Deafening Silence to the Pages of Science (1987-1988)Consolidation and Refinement (1989-1991)4. The Debate That Wouldn't Die                     The Controversy Reignites (1991-1992.)The Dynamics of Closure: Whither the Controversy? (1992-1995)Causation and CredibilityPART TWO: THE POLITICS OF TREATMENT5. Points of Departure                             Targeting a Retrovirus (1984-1986)Clinical Trials Take Center Stage (1986-1987)6. "Drugs into Bodies"                             Gaining Access (1987-1988)A Knowledge-Empowered Movement7. The Critique of Pure Science                    AZT and the Politics of Interpretation (1989-1990)Activism and the Manufacture of Knowledge (1989-1991)8. Dilemmas and Divisions in Science and Politics  Combination Therapy and the "Surrogate Markers" Debate (1989-1992.)Inside and Outside the System9. Clinical Trials and TribulationsThe Search for New Directions (199z-1993)Living with Uncertainty (1993-1995)Conclusion: Credible Knowledge, Hierarchies ofExpertise, and the Politics of Participation inBiomedicine                       Science and the Struggle for CredibilityThe Transformation of AIDS ResearchThe Legacy of AIDS ActivismMETHODOLOGICAL APPENDIX             NOTES                              INDEX

"As the AIDS movement is showing, people with diseases can play a profound part in saving themselves . . . A perceptive and useful analysis of this revolution in the democratization of medicine."

Steven Epstein is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of California, San Diego. The work on which this book is based won the American Sociological Association's award for best dissertation of the year.

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS                                      Introduction: Controversy, Credibility, and the Public Character of AIDS ResearchThe Crisis of Credibility and the Rise of the AIDS MovementAnalyzing AIDS ControversiesThe Plan of the BookConceptualizing AIDS: Some Intellectual DebtsPART ONE: THE POLITICS OFCAUSATION1. The Nature of a New Threat                       The Discovery of a "Gay Disease" (1981-1982)Lifestyle vs. Virus (1982-1983)The Triumph of Retrovirology (1982-1984)2. HIV and the Consolidation of Certainty           The Construction of Scientific Proof (1984-1986)HIV as "Obligatory Passage Point"3. Reopening the Causation Controversy             From Deafening Silence to the Pages of Science (1987-1988)Consolidation and Refinement (1989-1991)4. The Debate That Wouldn't Die                     The Controversy Reignites (1991-1992.)The Dynamics of Closure: Whither the Controversy? (1992-1995)Causation and CredibilityPART TWO: THE POLITICS OF TREATMENT5. Points of Departure                             Targeting a Retrovirus (1984-1986)Clinical Trials Take Center Stage (1986-1987)6. "Drugs into Bodies"                             Gaining Access (1987-1988)A Knowledge-Empowered Movement7. The Critique of Pure Science                    AZT and the Politics of Interpretation (1989-1990)Activism and the Manufacture of Knowledge (1989-1991)8. Dilemmas and Divisions in Science and Politics  Combination Therapy and the "Surrogate Markers" Debate (1989-1992.)Inside and Outside the System9. Clinical Trials and TribulationsThe Search for New Directions (199z-1993)Living with Uncertainty (1993-1995)Conclusion: Credible Knowledge, Hierarchies ofExpertise, and the Politics of Participation inBiomedicine                       Science and the Struggle for CredibilityThe Transformation of AIDS ResearchThe Legacy of AIDS ActivismMETHODOLOGICAL APPENDIX             NOTES                              INDEX

"As the AIDS movement is showing, people with diseases can play a profound part in saving themselves . . . A perceptive and useful analysis of this revolution in the democratization of medicine."

Steven Epstein is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of California, San Diego. The work on which this book is based won the American Sociological Association's award for best dissertation of the year.

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS                                      Introduction: Controversy, Credibility, and the Public Character of AIDS ResearchThe Crisis of Credibility and the Rise of the AIDS MovementAnalyzing AIDS ControversiesThe Plan of the BookConceptualizing AIDS: Some Intellectual DebtsPART ONE: THE POLITICS OFCAUSATION1. The Nature of a New Threat                       The Discovery of a "Gay Disease" (1981-1982)Lifestyle vs. Virus (1982-1983)The Triumph of Retrovirology (1982-1984)2. HIV and the Consolidation of Certainty           The Construction of Scientific Proof (1984-1986)HIV as "Obligatory Passage Point"3. Reopening the Causation Controversy             From Deafening Silence to the Pages of Science (1987-1988)Consolidation and Refinement (1989-1991)4. The Debate That Wouldn't Die                     The Controversy Reignites (1991-1992.)The Dynamics of Closure: Whither the Controversy? (1992-1995)Causation and CredibilityPART TWO: THE POLITICS OF TREATMENT5. Points of Departure                             Targeting a Retrovirus (1984-1986)Clinical Trials Take Center Stage (1986-1987)6. "Drugs into Bodies"                             Gaining Access (1987-1988)A Knowledge-Empowered Movement7. The Critique of Pure Science                    AZT and the Politics of Interpretation (1989-1990)Activism and the Manufacture of Knowledge (1989-1991)8. Dilemmas and Divisions in Science and Politics  Combination Therapy and the "Surrogate Markers" Debate (1989-1992.)Inside and Outside the System9. Clinical Trials and TribulationsThe Search for New Directions (199z-1993)Living with Uncertainty (1993-1995)Conclusion: Credible Knowledge, Hierarchies ofExpertise, and the Politics of Participation inBiomedicine                       Science and the Struggle for CredibilityThe Transformation of AIDS ResearchThe Legacy of AIDS ActivismMETHODOLOGICAL APPENDIX             NOTES                              INDEX

"As the AIDS movement is showing, people with diseases can play a profound part in saving themselves . . . A perceptive and useful analysis of this revolution in the democratization of medicine."