DAVID W. CHAPMAN is Associate Professor of Education at the State University of New York at Albany where he teaches program evaluation in the Department of Educational Theory and Practice. He is coauthor of The Evaluation of Educational Efficiency: Constraints, Issues, and Policies (forthcoming) and his research on educational improvement has appeared in numerous journals. In addition to his research and work in educational improvement in the United States, he has worked in technical assistance activities in over thirteen developing countries.CAROL A. CARRIER is Professor of Instructional Design in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction and Assistant Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Minnesota. She is coauthor of Teacher Development and her research has appeared in many educational journals. In addition, she has delivered technical assistance technology training in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.