Impeller Pumps

Wei Li, PhD, is a Professor at Jiangsu University and Deputy Director of the National Research Center of Pumps in China. He has published over 100 journal papers, holds 35 patents, and received China’s National Science and Technology Award. Leilei Ji, PhD, is a Research Scientist at Jiangsu University in China specializing in CFD simulations of pumps. He has authored over 50 journal publications on CFD applications to analysis of pumps. Ramesh K. Agarwal, PhD, is the William Palm Professor of Engineering in the department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science at Washington University in St. Louis with 50 years of CFD experience. He has authored over 600 publications and received the 2022 ASME Fluids Machinery Design Award.

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 Introduction 11.1 Definition and Importance of Pumps 11.1.1 Definition of Pumps 11.1.2 The Importance of Pumps 11.2 Classification and Structural Forms of Pumps 21.2.1 Pump Classification 21.2.2 Impeller Pump Overflow Components and Structural Forms 31.2.2.1 Overflow Components of Impeller Pump 31.2.2.2 Structural Forms of Blade Pumps 41.3 Application of Pump 11References 152 Basic Principles and Physical Concepts of Pumps 162.1 Calculation of Velocity Triangles 162.1.1 Motion Analysis 162.1.2 Velocity Triangle 172.1.3 Velocity Triangle at Blade Inlet and Outlet 192.1.3.1 Blade Inlet Velocity Triangle 192.1.3.2 The Velocity Triangle at the Blade Outlet 202.2 The Theory of Energy Conversion in Pumps 212.2.1 Mechanical Loss and Mechanical Efficiency 212.2.2 Volume Loss and Volume Efficiency 222.2.3 Hydraulic Loss and Hydraulic Efficiency 222.3 Similarity Laws 232.3.1 Basic Concepts of Similarity Laws 232.3.1.1 Geometric Similarity 242.3.1.2 Kinematic Similarity 242.3.1.3 Dynamic Similarity 242.3.1.4 Similarity Criterion for Pipe Flow—Reynolds Criterion 242.3.1.5 Similarity Criterion for Free Surface Flow—Froude Criterion 252.3.1.6 Similarity Criterion for Flow in Pump Impellers—Euler Criterion 252.3.2 Law of Pump Similarity 252.3.2.1 First Similarity Law—Flow Rate Similarity 262.3.2.2 Second Similarity Law—Head Similarity 262.3.2.3 Third Similarity Law—Shaft Power Similarity 272.3.3 Specific Speed 272.3.3.1 Derivation of the Specific Speed Formula 272.3.3.2 Explanation of Specific Speed 28References 293 Design Methods for Vane Pumps 303.1 Hydraulic Design of the Centrifugal and Mixed Flow Pump 303.1.1 Determination of Design Parameters and Their Hydraulic Structural Solutions 303.1.1.1 Provide Parameters and Requirements for the Design 303.1.1.2 Pump Shaft Power P and Rated Power P′g of the Prime Mover 363.1.1.3 Determination of Pump Inlet and Outlet Diameters 363.1.2 Hydraulic Design of the Impeller 373.1.2.1 Pump Shaft Diameter and Impeller Hub Diameter 373.1.2.2 Similarity Conversion Method 393.1.2.3 Calculation of Key Impeller Dimensions Using the Velocity Coefficient Method 433.1.2.4 Blade Drawing 603.1.3 Hydraulic Design of the Suction Chamber 743.1.3.1 Conical Suction Chamber 743.1.3.2 Annular Suction Chamber 753.1.3.3 Semi-Spiral Suction Chamber 763.2 Hydraulic Design of the Vortex Pump 793.2.1 Introduction to Axial-Flow Pumps 793.2.2 Structure Parameters and Design Theory 793.2.2.1 Cylindrical Layer Independence Hypothesis 803.2.2.2 Structural Parameters 813.2.2.3 Design Theory 833.2.3 Design the Axial-Flow Pump Impeller Using the Airfoil Lift Method 833.2.3.1 Airfoil and Its Characteristics 833.2.3.2 Fundamental Governing Equation for Axial-Flow Pump Blade Design Using the AirfoilLift Method 853.2.4 Axial-Flow Pump Impeller Design Using Streamline Theory 873.2.4.1 Governing Differential Equation for Flow at Impeller Discharge 873.2.4.2 Free Vortex and Forced Vortex 873.2.4.3 Circulation Correction and Streamline-Based Design Methodology 883.2.4.4 Blade Inlet Incidence Angle 893.2.4.5 Evolution of Profile Radius and Airfoil Thickness Distribution 903.2.4.6 Blade Contouring Procedure 913.2.5 Axial-Flow Pump Guide Vane Design 953.2.5.1 Guide Vane Structural Parameter Selection 953.2.5.2 Streamline Method for Axial-Flow Pump Guide Vane Design 963.3 Hydraulic Design of the Volute Casing 983.3.1 Hydraulic Design Principles of the Volute Casing 993.3.2 Hydraulic Design of the Volute Chamber 1003.3.3 Hydraulic Design of Double Volute Chambers 1063.3.4 Design of the Annular Discharge Chamber 1063.3.5 Design of Radial and Guide Vanes 1083.3.6 Design of Spatial Guide Vanes 1153.4 Hydraulic Design of the Vortex Pump 1203.4.1 Characteristics of the Vortex Pump 1203.4.2 Hydraulic Design of Vortex Pump 1223.5 Hydraulic Design of Multistage Pumps 1283.5.1 Determine the Inlet and Outlet Diameters of Multistage Pumps 1293.5.2 Hydraulic Design of Impeller 1293.5.3 Design of the Main Parameters of the Guide Vane 1353.5.3.1 Positive Guide Vane Design 1353.5.3.2 Anti-Guide Vane Design 136References 1374 Theoretical Basis of CFD for Vane Pumps 1394.1 The Fundamental Theory of CFD 1394.2 Numerical Methods 1404.2.1 Geometry Modeling 1414.2.2 Mesh Generation 1414.2.3 Governing Equations of Fluid Dynamics 1424.2.4 Simulation of Turbulent Flows 1424.2.4.1 Standard k−ε Model 1474.2.4.2 Shear Stress Transport (SST) k−ω Model 1484.2.4.3 Spalart-Allmaras (SA) Model 1514.2.4.4 Wray-Agarwal (WA) Model 1514.2.4.5 Detached Eddy Simulation Model 1534.2.4.6 Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Model 1544.2.5 Wall Function 1554.2.6 Discretization Method 1564.2.7 Interpolation Scheme and Algorithm 157References 1585 3D Modeling of Vane Pumps 1605.1 Centrifugal Pump 1605.1.1 Impeller Modeling of the Centrifugal Pump 1605.1.1.1 Creating a PRT File 1605.1.1.2 Meridional Profile Import 1625.1.1.3 Creating Surfaces Using Revolved Method 1625.1.1.4 Creating the Cover Plate 1625.1.1.5 Blade Array 1635.2 Axial Flow Pump 1645.2.1 Modeling of the Impeller and Inlet Conical Tube 1645.2.1.1 Modeling Approach 1645.2.2 Modeling of the Guide Vanes and Outlet Conical Tube 1715.2.2.1 Modeling Approach 1715.2.3 Modeling of the Outlet Bend Tube 1725.2.4 Model Assembly 1725.3 Mixed-Flow Pump 1745.3.1 Impeller Modeling 1745.3.1.1 Thought Analysis 1745.3.2 Guide Vane Modeling 1855.3.2.1 Thought Process Analysis 1855.4 Vortex Pump 1965.4.1 Impeller Modeling 1965.4.2 Pump Casing and Pump Cover Modeling 1995.5 Multistage Pump 2025.5.1 First-Stage Impeller Modeling 2045.5.2 Radial Guide Vane Drawing 211References 2146 Numerical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Centrifugal Pump 2156.1 Water Body Modeling 2156.1.1 Volute Hub Line Lead-in 2156.1.2 Section Closure 2156.1.3 Sectional Lofting 2166.1.4 Tongue Molding 2176.2 Structure Grid Division 2186.2.1 Centrifugal Pump Impeller Structure Grid Division 2196.2.1.1 Model Import 2196.2.1.2 Geometric Topology 2206.2.1.3 Creation Aspect 2216.2.1.4 Create Parts 2236.2.1.5 Global Grid Size Settings 2266.2.1.6 Create Blocks and Establish Mappings 2266.2.1.7 Y-Block 2276.2.1.8 Periodic Setting 2296.2.1.9 Generated Grid 2316.2.1.10 Checking Grid Quality 2326.2.2 Volute Meshing 2336.2.2.1 Model Import and Simple Processing 2336.2.2.2 Establish Mapping Relationship 2336.2.2.3 Creation of a Lock Derivative Block 2336.2.2.4 Global Grid Size Settings 2356.2.2.5 Meshing 2366.2.2.6 Grid Quality Check 2376.2.3 Inlet and Outlet Flow Channel Grid Division 2376.3 Steady Computation Settings 2416.3.1 Computing Domain Setting 2416.3.1.1 Create a CASE and Import the Grid 2416.3.1.2 Fluid Domain Setting 2416.3.1.3 Turbulence Modeling 2446.3.2 Boundary Condition Setting 2466.3.2.1 Wall Boundary Condition Setting 2466.3.2.2 Inlet and Outlet Boundary Conditions Set 2476.3.3 Interface Setting 2486.3.3.1 Dynamic–Static Interface Settings 2486.3.3.2 Static–Static Interface Settings 2506.3.4 Solution Setting 2506.3.5 Calculation Setting 2516.4 Unsteady Computation 2526.4.1 Transient Setting 2526.4.2 Interface Model Modification 2536.4.3 Calculation Setting 2536.5 Common Postprocessing 254References 2607 Numerical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Axial Flow Pump 2617.1 Computational Domain Modeling 2617.1.1 Pump Volute Domain 2617.1.2 Inlet and Outlet Extension Domains 2617.2 Structured Mesh Generation 2617.2.1 Mesh Generation for the Impeller Flow Domain 2637.2.2 Guide Vane Domain Meshing 2767.2.3 Meshing of Inlet/Outlet Extension Domains 2767.3 Steady-State Calculation 2767.3.1 Domain Configuration 2787.3.2 Boundary Condition Settings 2827.3.3 Solver Settings 2877.3.4 Calculation Setup 2877.4 Transient Calculation 2907.5 Common Postprocessing 2927.5.1 Section Plane Creation 2937.5.2 Contour Plot Creation 2937.5.3 Creation of Streamlines 2947.5.4 Creation of Vector Plot 294References 2988 Numerical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Mixed-Flow Pumps 2998.1 Modeling 2998.1.1 ImpellerWater Body Modeling 2998.1.2 Modeling of Guided BladeWater Body Domains 3008.2 Structural Meshing 3018.2.1 Impeller Structure Meshing 3018.2.2 Guide Vane Structure Meshing 3058.2.3 Volute Structure Mesh Generation 3068.3 Steady-State Calculation Setup 3088.3.1 Computational Domain Setup 3088.3.2 Boundary Conditions Setup 3098.3.3 Interface Settings 3098.3.4 Solution Settings 3108.3.5 Calculation Settings 3108.4 Unsteady-State Calculation Setup 3118.5 Common Postprocessing 312References 3149 Numerical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Vortex Pump 3159.1 Computational Domain Modeling 3159.2 Structured Mesh Generation 3159.2.1 Mesh Generation for Impeller Flow Domain 3159.2.2 Mesh Generation for Volute and Inlet/Outlet Flow Domains 3249.3 Steady-State Calculation Setup 3289.3.1 Computational Domain Setup 3289.3.2 Boundary Condition Settings 3309.3.3 Solution Settings 3359.3.4 Calculation Settings 3359.4 Unsteady Calculation Setup 3369.4.1 Transient Setup 3369.4.2 Interface Model Modification 3369.4.3 Solving Settings 3379.4.4 Calculation Setup 3389.5 Calculation Results and Postprocessing 339References 34310 Numerical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Multistage Pumps 34510.1 Modeling 34510.2 Structured Grid Division 34510.2.1 Impeller Grid Division 34510.2.1.1 New ICEM File 34510.2.1.2 Boundaries Definition 34510.2.1.3 Establishment of the Topology 34710.2.2 Guide Vane Mesh Division 35310.3 Constant Calculation Setup 35510.3.1 Importing Mesh Files 35510.3.2 Calculation Field Setup 35510.3.3 Boundary Condition Settings 35810.4 Unsteady Calculations 35910.5 Solution Setup 36010.6 Calculations 36210.7 Common Postprocessing 36210.7.1 Extraction of External Characterization Results 36210.7.2 Streamline and Particle Dynamic Tracking 36410.7.3 Contour Diagram Generation 367References 36711 Conclusion and Future Prospects 36811.1 Challenges and Opportunities of Current Pump Technology 36811.1.1 Current Challenges of Pump Technology 36911.1.1.1 Technical Challenges 36911.1.1.2 Environmental Challenges 37011.1.2 Opportunities for Current Pump Technology 37011.1.2.1 Intelligence and Digital Transformation 37011.1.2.2 Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development 37111.1.2.3 Demand in Emerging Markets 37111.2 Prediction of Future Development Trends in Pump Technology 37111.2.1 Current State of the Pump Market 37211.2.1.1 Market Size and Growth 37211.2.1.2 Geographical Distribution 37311.2.1.3 Product Types 37311.2.2 Future Trends in Pump Technology 37311.2.2.1 Technological Intelligence and Automation 37311.2.2.2 Energy Conservation, Environmental Protection, and Green Manufacturing 37411.2.2.3 Industry Segmentation and Customized Services 37411.2.2.4 Miniaturization and Integrated Design 37411.2.2.5 International Cooperation and Competition 375References 375Index 377