Iceland Within the Northern Atlantic, Volume 2

Interactions between Volcanoes and Glaciers

Inbunden, Engelska, 2021

Av Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoe, Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoe, Brigitte van Vliet-Lanoe

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The volcanic island of Iceland is a unique geological place due both to its position in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean and its repeated glaciations. It has been an accurate recorder of geodynamic and regional climatic evolutions for at least the last 15 million years.This book studies the Quaternary magmatism associated with the deep Iceland hotspot and, in particular, its distinctive geochemical and volcanological characteristics. It also analyzes that Arctic glacierization as it relates to the opening of the North Atlantic and the appearance of today’s ocean currents. We will also investigate the Quaternary glaciation as it affected Iceland in its oceanic context, particularly on the basis of radiometric dating, looking at the formation of the Greenland and Scandinavian ice sheets and data from marine sediment. Finally, it explores the specific environmental features of the island, from the end of the last ice age to global warming today.This book brings together the internal and external geodynamics of our planet to understand how Iceland functions and its role as a recorder of the paleoclimatic evolution of the Northern Hemisphere.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2021-09-03
Mått156 x 234 x 16 mm
Vikt454 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor272
FörlagISTE Ltd
ISBN9781789450156

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Geografi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

List of Abbreviations ixPreface xvBrigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË and Françoise BERGERATIntroduction xixBrigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË and René MAURYChapter 1. Young Icelandic Volcanism and its Implications 1René MAURY and Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË1.1. Introduction 11.2. Icelandic magma series 31.2.1. Lava types 31.2.2. Geochemical diversity of young Icelandic basalts and their sources 81.2.3. Some geochemical constraints concerning the origin and geodynamic evolution of Iceland 131.3. Central volcanoes and active fissural systems 141.3.1. Central volcanoes 141.3.2. Fissural volcanism and subaerial lava flows 171.3.3. Hydromagmatism 261.4. Volcanic hazards in Iceland 311.4.1. Hazards related to lava flows 311.4.2. Hazards related to explosions and gas emissions 321.4.3. Jökulhlaups and associated hazards 371.4.4. Icelandic dust: a consequence of volcanism 441.5. References 51Chapter 2. Volcanism and Glaciations: Forcings and Chronometers 57Hervé GUILLOU, René MAURY and Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË2.1. Subglacial volcanic landforms 572.1.1. Subglacial isolated volcanoes or tuyas 582.1.2. Hyaloclastite ridges or tindar 612.2. Volcanism, deglaciation and climate 652.2.1. General features: deglaciation, discharge and partial melting 652.2.2. Deglaciation and climate feedback 692.3. The hypothesis of a link between volcanism and climate and its test by dating 702.3.1. The K-Ar chronometer 712.3.2. The combination of K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar methods for dating Icelandic volcanism 802.3.3. A link between volcanism and climate according to K-Ar ages? 862.3.4. A rhyolitic volcanism synchronous with deglaciations? 882.4. References 95Chapter 3. Cenozoic Evolution of Iceland and the Cryosphere 103Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË and Hervé GUILLOU3.1. Ice ages and the opening of the Atlantic 1033.1.1. The Middle and Final Miocene cooling 1083.1.2. The acceleration of the Middle Pliocene 1093.1.3. The Middle Pleistocene Transition 1123.1.4. The initiation of thermohaline circulation 1143.2. Iceland’s Quaternary glaciations 1163.2.1. Conditions for the development and functioning of ice caps 1163.2.2. Glacio-isostasy 1193.2.3. Icelandic data 1233.2.4. The Icelandic record 1263.3. The last glacial episode and its deglaciation 1423.3.1. The Weichselian 1423.3.2. The Last Glacial Maximum 1443.3.3. Deglaciation and the Holocene 1503.4. Iceland today, its climate and vegetation 1613.4.1. The climate 1613.4.2. Ocean circulation and climate 1623.4.3. Soil, people and climate 1673.4.4. Soils and erosion 1733.5. References 179Conclusion 193Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË, René MAURY and Hervé GUILLOUReferences 199List of Authors 213Index 215Summary of Volume 1 221