Hybrid Warfare

Mikael Weissmann is Associate Professor, Head of Research at the Land Operations Section and Co-Convener of the Hybrid Warfare Research Group in the Department of Military Studies at the Swedish Defence University, Sweden.Niklas Nilsson is Assistant Professor and Co-Convener of the Hybrid Warfare Research Group in the Department of Military Studies at the Swedish Defence University, Sweden.1. Björn Palmertz is Senior Analyst, CATS, Swedish Defence University, Sweden.

• Foreword - Amb. Fredrik Löjdquist, Ambassador and Special Envoy for Countering Hybrid Threats, Sweden1. Security Challenges in the Grey Zone: Hybrid Threats and Hybrid WarfareDr. Niklas Nilsson, Dr. Mikael Weissmann, Björn Palmertz, Per Thunholm, Henrik Häggström2. NATO and Hybrid Warfare: Seeking a Concept to Describe the Challenge from Russia Dr. G. Alexander Crowther, Research Professor, Florida International University, former Special Assistant to the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe and former researcher in the Strategic Studies Institute and the US National Defense University.3. An American View: Hybrid Threats and IntelligenceDr. Gregory F. Treverton, University of Southern California, former Chair of the US National Intelligence Council4. A Perspective on EU Hybrid Threat Early Warning EffortsDr. Patrick Cullen, Senior Research Fellow, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) & member of the "Countering Hybrid Warfare" component of the Multinational Capability Development Campaign (MCDC)5. Conceptualizing and Countering Hybrid Threats and Hybrid Warfare: The Role of the Military in the Grey-zoneDr. Mikael Weissmann, Associate Professor, Head of Research at the Land Operations Section and Co-Convener of the Hybrid Warfare Research Group, Department of Military Studies, Swedish Defence University.6. Understanding Russian Thinking on Gibridnaya VoynaDr. Markus Göransson, Assistant Professor and project leader of the Russia program, Swedish Defence University7. China and its Hybrid Warfare SpectrumDr. Lora Saalman, Senior Fellow, EastWest Institute; Associate Senior Fellow, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute8. Influence Operations and the Modern Information EnvironmentBjörn Palmertz, Senior Analyst, CATS, Swedish Defence University9. Hybrid Threats and New Challenges for Multilateral Intelligence CooperationHenrik Häggström, Senior Analyst, Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies (CATS), Swedish Defence University10. Cyberwarfare and the Internet: the Implications of a More Digitalized WorldAnne-Marie Eklund-Löwinder, Head of Security, The Swedish Internet Foundation and Cryptographic Officer at the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Anna Djup, Analyst, Information Assurance, Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies (CATS), Swedish Defence University11. The US and Hybrid Challenges: Past, Present and FutureJed Willard, Director of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Center for Global Engagement, Harvard University12. China’s Political Warfare in Taiwan: Strategies, Methods, and Global ImplicationDr Gulizar Haciyakupoglu, Research Fellow, the Centre of Excellence for National Security (CENS), S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. Dr Michael Raska, Assistant Professor, Coordinator of Military Transformations Programme, IDSS, RSIS, Singapore13. Hybrid Warfare in the BalticsDr Dorthe Bach Nyemann, Associate Professor in International Relations, Institute for Strategy, Royal Danish Defence College14. De-Hybridization and Conflict Narration: Ukraine’s Defence against Russian Hybrid WarfareDr. Niklas Nilsson, Assistant Professor, Co-Convener of the Hybrid Warfare Research Group, Department of Military Studies, Swedish Defence University15. Iran’s Hybrid Warfare CapabilitiesDr. Rouzbeh Parsi, Head of the Middle East and North Africa Programme, Swedish Institute of International Affairs 16. Information Influencing in the Catalan Illegal Referendum and Beyond Dr. Ruben Arcos, Rey Juan Carlos University17. Moving out of the Blizzard: Towards a Comprehensive Approach to Hybrid Threats and Hybrid WarfareDr. Mikael Weissmann, Dr. Niklas Nilsson, Björn Palmertz

This collection of essays on international hybrid threats and proper responses is a veritable cornucopia of empirical research findings and analytic insights, in the manner of so much good research and writing coming out of Sweden on matters of war and peace. With a wide array of authors from the world’s democracies, the contributions in this volume will be attractive to professionals and the public alike who are interested in the gray zone falling between outright war and peace in this trouble world---the space that Russia likes to operate within, for example, as Moscow attempts to manipulate Western opinion and undermine the open societies. One of the volume’s great strengths is its melding of thinking on this subject by both scholars and practitioners. Fascinating, too, are a series of case studies included among the chapters, with probes into hybrid threats and warfare as seen from the perspectives of China, Iran, Russia, the United States, and several other illustrations. The relevance, thoughtfulness, and practicality of this book cannot be overstated.