Hybrid Materials for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and Conversion

S. Wazed Ali, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India. He has previously worked as a research scientist at multiple firms, and has published widely on piezoelectric energy harvesting devices and related subjects. Satyaranjan Bairagi, PhD, is a Research Associate at the University of Glasgow, UK. He has published extensively on nanotechnology-based piezoelectric and triboelectric materials for nanogenerators and other related topics. Shahid Ul Islam, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities at Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India. He has previously been a Fulbright Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California, Davis, United States, and is a life member of the Asian Polymer Association.

• List of Contributors ixPreface xiii1 Introduction to Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 1Sheer Khanyisile Dhlamini, Jonathan Tersur Orasugh, Suprakash Sinha Ray, and Dipankar Chattopadhyay1.1 Introduction 11.2 The Concept of Piezoelectricity 41.3 Comparison between Piezoelectric Materials 81.4 Piezoelectric Material Types 101.5 Connectivity of Composites Similar in Hybrid Systems 221.6 Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 231.7 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (PEHs) System 281.8 Application of Hybrid Materials for Hybrid Energy-Harvesting Systems 321.9 Present Development Challenges and Future Perspectives 371.10 Conclusion 392 KNN-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 51S. Wazed Ali, Swagata Banerjee, Chirantan Shee, and Mayuri Srivastava2.1 Introduction 512.2 Lead-Free Ceramics 532.3 Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN): A Piezoelectric Material 582.4 Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN)-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 612.5 Applications 672.6 Conclusion 683 MoS2-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 77Sahal Ebrahim and Deepalekshmi Ponnamma3.1 Introduction 773.2 Different Methods of MoS2 Synthesis 813.3 MoS2 Working Mechanism 833.4 Investigating the Transition of MoS2 Structure from Bulk to Nanostructured Materials 853.5 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting by MoS2 Composites 863.6 Conclusions 984 BaTiO3-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 103Chirantan Shee, Swagata Banerjee, S. Wazed Ali, and Ramasamy Alagirusamy4.1 Introduction 1034.2 Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of BaTiO3 Perovskite 1064.3 Synthesis of Barium Titanate 1084.4 Barium Titanate-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 1104.5 Applications 1194.6 Conclusion 1225 BNT-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 129Abhishek Sasmal, Shrabanee Sen, and Arunachalakasi Arockiarajan5.1 Introduction 1295.2 Key Limitations of BNT andWays to Overcome the Limitations 1305.3 Applicability of BNT-Based Materials for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting 1315.4 BNT/Piezoelectric Polymer-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters 1335.5 BNT/Non-Piezoelectric Polymer-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters 1355.6 BNT-Based Other Mechanical Energy Harvesters 1395.7 Challenges and Future Scopes 1395.8 Conclusion 1406 ZnSnO3-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 145Anupam Chowdhury, Srijan Das, Mukta Nitin Mirlekar, and S. Wazed Ali6.1 Introduction 1456.2 Synthesis of Zinc Stannate 1466.3 Morphologies and Properties of Zinc Stannate 1506.4 Uses of Zinc Stannate and Hybrids in Piezoelectric Nanogenerators 1506.5 Conclusion 1547 ZnFe2O4-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 159Ipsita Chinya and Shrabanee Sen7.1 Introduction 1597.2 Current Scenario, Challenges in This Field and Scope of the Chapter 1617.3 Fabrication Strategy of the Nanocomposites 1627.4 The Controlling Factors of β-phase Formation in Composites and its Property 1647.5 ZF Nanorod (High Aspect Ratio) and Copolymer PVDF-HFP-Based Nanocomposite 1857.6 Applications Still Explored and Future Scope 1867.7 Conclusion 1907.8 Future Direction 1908 Conductive Filler-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 203Ankur Shukla and Priyanka Gupta8.1 Introduction 2038.2 Piezoelectricity: A Brief Overview 2058.3 Role of Conductive Fillers in Piezoelectric Materials 2068.4 Conductive Filler-Based Piezoelectric Materials 2088.5 Applications 2168.6 Summary 2258.7 Challenges 2269 Semiconductive Filler-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 241Swagata Banerjee, Aiswarya Baburaj, Akshaya Aliyana, Satyaranjan Bairagi, and Naveen Kumar Sindhughatta Kalaiah9.1 Introduction 2419.2 Piezoelectric Materials 2429.3 Semiconductor-Modified Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 2439.4 Semiconductive Filler-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters 2489.5 Applications 2549.6 Conclusion 25710 Cellulose-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 265Srijan Das, Mukta Nitin Mirlekar, Sourav Banerjee, Anupam Chowdhury, and S. Wazed Ali10.1 Introduction 26510.2 Origin of Piezoelectricity in Cellulose 26710.3 Different Crystal Structures and Forms of Cellulose 26810.4 Cellulose-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Devices Containing Cellulose as Matrix 27010.5 Cellulose-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Devices Containing Cellulose as Filler 27310.6 Conclusion 27711 Collagen-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Material 283Adrija Ghosh, Suprakas Sinha Ray, Jonathan Tersur Orasugh, and Dipankar Chattopadhyay11.1 Introduction 28311.2 Origin of Piezoelectricity in Collagen 28511.3 Application of Collagen-based Hybrid Piezoelectric Systems 28811.4 Collagen-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerator 28811.5 Collagen-based Supercapacitors 28911.6 Collagen-based Sensors 29111.7 Collagen-based Memory Devices 29211.8 Collagen-based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 29411.9 Conclusion and Future Prospects 29512 Chitin and Chitosan--Foremost Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting Applications 301Sourav Banerjee, S. Wazed Ali, and Satya Narayan Naik12.1 Introduction 30112.2 Chitin and its Application as Piezoelectric Material 30312.3 Chitosan and its Applications as Piezoelectric Materials 30612.4 Problems 31212.5 Future Scope 313References 313Index 321