Nancy Cartwright is Professor of Philosophy at the London School of Economics and Political Science and at the University of California, San Diego. Her many publications include The Dappled World (1999).

• Introduction; Part I. Plurality in Causality: 1. Preamble; 2. Causation: one word, many things; 3. Causes: warranting them and using them; 4. Where is the theory in our 'theories' of causality?; Part II. Case Studies: Bayes-nets and Invariance Theories: 5. Preamble; 6. What is wrong with Bayes-nets?; 7. Modularity: it can - and generally does - fail; 8. Against modularity, the causal Markov condition and any link between the two: comments on Hausman and Woodward; 9. From metaphysics to method: comments on manipulability and the causal Markov condition; 10. Two theorems on invariance and causality; Part III. Causal Theories in Economics: 11. Preamble; 12. Probabilities and experiments; 13. How to get causes from probabilities: Cartwright on Simon on causation; 14. The merger of cause and strategy: Hoover on Simon on causation; 15. The vanity of rigour in economics: theoretical models and Galilean experiments; 16. Counterfactuals in economics: a commentary.

Nancy Cartwright is Professor of Philosophy at the London School of Economics and Political Science and at the University of California, San Diego. Her many publications include The Dappled World (1999).

• Introduction; Part I. Plurality in Causality: 1. Preamble; 2. Causation: one word, many things; 3. Causes: warranting them and using them; 4. Where is the theory in our 'theories' of causality?; Part II. Case Studies: Bayes-nets and Invariance Theories: 5. Preamble; 6. What is wrong with Bayes-nets?; 7. Modularity: it can - and generally does - fail; 8. Against modularity, the causal Markov condition and any link between the two: comments on Hausman and Woodward; 9. From metaphysics to method: comments on manipulability and the causal Markov condition; 10. Two theorems on invariance and causality; Part III. Causal Theories in Economics: 11. Preamble; 12. Probabilities and experiments; 13. How to get causes from probabilities: Cartwright on Simon on causation; 14. The merger of cause and strategy: Hoover on Simon on causation; 15. The vanity of rigour in economics: theoretical models and Galilean experiments; 16. Counterfactuals in economics: a commentary.

Nancy Cartwright is Professor of Philosophy at the London School of Economics and Political Science and at the University of California, San Diego. Her many publications include The Dappled World (1999).

• Introduction; Part I. Plurality in Causality: 1. Preamble; 2. Causation: one word, many things; 3. Causes: warranting them and using them; 4. Where is the theory in our 'theories' of causality?; Part II. Case Studies: Bayes-nets and Invariance Theories: 5. Preamble; 6. What is wrong with Bayes-nets?; 7. Modularity: it can - and generally does - fail; 8. Against modularity, the causal Markov condition and any link between the two: comments on Hausman and Woodward; 9. From metaphysics to method: comments on manipulability and the causal Markov condition; 10. Two theorems on invariance and causality; Part III. Causal Theories in Economics: 11. Preamble; 12. Probabilities and experiments; 13. How to get causes from probabilities: Cartwright on Simon on causation; 14. The merger of cause and strategy: Hoover on Simon on causation; 15. The vanity of rigour in economics: theoretical models and Galilean experiments; 16. Counterfactuals in economics: a commentary.