Bertrand Badie is University Professor of Political Science at Sciences Po, Paris.

• Part One: Humiliation in the History of International Relations: The Discovery of a New Form of Social Pathology1. Pitfalls of the Ordinary Lives of People Tectonics of Societies Lack of Integration The Uncertainties of Status The End of the Cold War and Beyond 2. Humiliation, or Power without Rules Power Against Humiliation How Power Goes Wrong 3. Types of Humiliation and their Diplomacies Constructing a TypologyType 1: Humiliation by Lowering of Status Type 2: Humiliation through Denial of Equality Type 3: Humiliation by Relegation Type 4: Humiliation through Stigmatisation Part Two: An International System Fed by Humiliation4. Constitutive Inequality: The Colonial Past Exceptions and Outrages Pathways of Humiliation New forms of Patronage 5. Structural Inequality: To be Outside the Elite The Broken Dream of the ‘Middle Powers’ Emergent Powers and the Bonds of Past Humiliations Small Countries’ Narrow Range of Action 6. Functional Inequality: Being Excluded from Governance Minilateralism Oligarchic Pressure A Certain Diplomatic Paternalism Part Three: The Dangerous Repercussions that Follow Humiliation: Towards an Anti-System?7. The Mediating Role of Societies The International Mobilisation of Societies Neo-Nationalism and Fundamentalism The Insoluble Contradictions of the Arab Spring 8. Are there Anti-System Diplomacies? Oppositional Diplomacies Diplomacies of Deviance 9. Uncontrolled Violence New Conflicts, New Violence Violence and Social Integration Conclusion