Human Tooth Crown and Root Morphology

G. Richard Scott is Foundation Professor of Anthropology at the University of Nevada, Reno. He focusses on Southwest Indians, Alaskan Eskimos, Norse in the North Atlantic, and Spanish Basques. He is a past president of the Dental Anthropology Association. Joel D. Irish is a Professor of Biological Anthropology at Liverpool John Moores University. He has traversed the length and breadth of Africa studying teeth from Plio-Pleistocene hominins and recent Arabs in the north to Zulu in the south. He is a past president of the Dental Anthropology Association.

• Acknowledgments; Part I. Introduction, Background and Terminology: Introduction; Why a guidebook?; Terminology; Part II. Crown and Root Trait Descriptions: 1. Winging; 2. Labial convexity; 3. Palatine torus; 4. Shoveling; 5. Double shoveling; 6. Interruption grooves; 7. Tuberculum dentale; 8. Bushman canine; 9. Canine distal accessory ridge; 10. Upper premolar accessory ridges; 11. Upper premolar mesial and distal accessory cusps; 12. Uto-Aztecan premolar; 13. Metacone; 14. Hypocone; 15. Bifurcated hypocone; 16. Cusp 5; 17. Marginal ridge tubercles; 18. Carabelli's trait; 19. Parastyle; 20. Enamel extensions; 21. Upper premolar root number; 22. Upper second molar root number; 23. Lateral incisor variants; 24. Pegged-reduced-missing third molars; 25. Premolar odontomes; 26. Midline diastema; 27. Lower premolar cusp number; 28. Anterior fovea; 29. Mandibular torus; 30. Lower molar groove pattern; 31. Rocker jaw; 32. Lower molar cusp number; 33. Deflecting wrinkle; 34. Distal trigonid and mid-trigonid crests; 35. Protostylid; 36. Cusp 6; 37. Cusp 7; 38. Lower first premolar root number (Tomes' root); 39. Lower canine root number; 40. Three-rooted lower molars; 41. Lower molar root number; 42. Torsomolar angle; Part III. Conclusions: General considerations; Introduction; Basic concerns; Final cautionary notes; Appendix (full class frequency distributions for 29 key traits in 60 world samples); A.1 Key to tables; A.2 Sample provenance; A.3 Samples by geographic area.