Emilio A. Emini is the Vice President of Vaccine and Antiviral Research at the Merck Research Laboratories. These he led the biological basic research team that developed indinavir, one of the first HIV protease inhibitors, as well as the team involved in the initial discovery of efavirenz, another of the highly active therapeutic agents used to treat of HIV infection. Over the past few years, Dr. Emini has worked toward the development of an HIV vaccine. He holds a Ph.D. in virology from Cornell University's Graduate School of Medical Sciences.

• Preface vii Contributors xi Chapter 1 The Structure and Biology of HIV 1: Introduction by Elana Cherry and Mark A. Wainberg Chapter 2 The Genetics of HIV-1 by Jon P. Anderson, Matthew Rain, Daniel Shriner, Allen G. Rodrigo, Yang Wang, David Nickle, Gerald H. Learn, Willscott E. Naugler, and James I. Mullins 44 Chapter 3 Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and the Problem of Drug Resistance by Matthias Gdtte, Shalom Spira, and Mark A. Wainberg 100 Chapter 4 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1 by Jan Balzarini 132 Chapter 5 HIV -1 Protease Inhibitors by Jon H. Condra and Joseph P. Vacca 172 Chapter 6 The Biology and Biochemistry of Integration as a Target for Chemotherapeutic Intervention by Daria J. Hazuda 223 Chapter 7 Chemokine Receptors in HIV Infection and AIDS by Nathaniel R. Landau 250 Chapter 8 Novel HIV-1 Therapeutic Targets: Regulatory Functions by Catherine Ulich and Richard B. Gaynor 294 Chapter 9 Novel HIV -1 Therapeutic Targets: Accessory Functions by Mario Stevenson 328 Chapter 10 The Interface between the Pathogenesis and Treatment of HIV Infection by Mark B. Feinberg 384 Chapter 11 HIV Prevention: Implementing Proven Prevention Interventions to Control the Global Epidemic by Chris Collins, Todd Summers, and Tom Coates 441 Chapter 12 The Immunobiology of HIV -1 Infection by Norman L. Letvin 459 Chapter 13 HIV Vaccines 2000: Prospects and Challenges by Spyros A. Kalams and Bruce D. Walker 481 Index 511

"Emini, one of the leading scientists in antiviral research, has edited an excellent treatise... Each chapter is written by an outstanding investigator in the field, and as a result this book provides an accurate and comprehensive review of the literature up to 2000."--Choice "Is it realistic to produce an up-to-date textbook on HIV and AIDS? Emilio Emini has made a brave attempt, persuading several of the best investigators in the field to write authoritative chapters... Overall, this book provides a comprehensive account of anti-HIV drugs and potential drugs and targets, based on what was known as of the end of the 1990s."--Robin A. Weiss, PH.D., New England Journal of Medicine "A useful review of immunology, and therapy of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus."--John P. Phair, Quarterly Review of Biology "A superb and comprehensive volume that summarizes all that is taking place in HIV research at the present time... [T]he leading comprehensive treatise on HIV research."--Pascal James Imperato, Journal of Community Health

Emilio A. Emini is the Vice President of Vaccine and Antiviral Research at the Merck Research Laboratories. These he led the biological basic research team that developed indinavir, one of the first HIV protease inhibitors, as well as the team involved in the initial discovery of efavirenz, another of the highly active therapeutic agents used to treat of HIV infection. Over the past few years, Dr. Emini has worked toward the development of an HIV vaccine. He holds a Ph.D. in virology from Cornell University's Graduate School of Medical Sciences.

• Preface vii Contributors xi Chapter 1 The Structure and Biology of HIV 1: Introduction by Elana Cherry and Mark A. Wainberg Chapter 2 The Genetics of HIV-1 by Jon P. Anderson, Matthew Rain, Daniel Shriner, Allen G. Rodrigo, Yang Wang, David Nickle, Gerald H. Learn, Willscott E. Naugler, and James I. Mullins 44 Chapter 3 Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and the Problem of Drug Resistance by Matthias Gdtte, Shalom Spira, and Mark A. Wainberg 100 Chapter 4 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1 by Jan Balzarini 132 Chapter 5 HIV -1 Protease Inhibitors by Jon H. Condra and Joseph P. Vacca 172 Chapter 6 The Biology and Biochemistry of Integration as a Target for Chemotherapeutic Intervention by Daria J. Hazuda 223 Chapter 7 Chemokine Receptors in HIV Infection and AIDS by Nathaniel R. Landau 250 Chapter 8 Novel HIV-1 Therapeutic Targets: Regulatory Functions by Catherine Ulich and Richard B. Gaynor 294 Chapter 9 Novel HIV -1 Therapeutic Targets: Accessory Functions by Mario Stevenson 328 Chapter 10 The Interface between the Pathogenesis and Treatment of HIV Infection by Mark B. Feinberg 384 Chapter 11 HIV Prevention: Implementing Proven Prevention Interventions to Control the Global Epidemic by Chris Collins, Todd Summers, and Tom Coates 441 Chapter 12 The Immunobiology of HIV -1 Infection by Norman L. Letvin 459 Chapter 13 HIV Vaccines 2000: Prospects and Challenges by Spyros A. Kalams and Bruce D. Walker 481 Index 511

"Emini, one of the leading scientists in antiviral research, has edited an excellent treatise... Each chapter is written by an outstanding investigator in the field, and as a result this book provides an accurate and comprehensive review of the literature up to 2000."--Choice "Is it realistic to produce an up-to-date textbook on HIV and AIDS? Emilio Emini has made a brave attempt, persuading several of the best investigators in the field to write authoritative chapters... Overall, this book provides a comprehensive account of anti-HIV drugs and potential drugs and targets, based on what was known as of the end of the 1990s."--Robin A. Weiss, PH.D., New England Journal of Medicine "A useful review of immunology, and therapy of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus."--John P. Phair, Quarterly Review of Biology "A superb and comprehensive volume that summarizes all that is taking place in HIV research at the present time... [T]he leading comprehensive treatise on HIV research."--Pascal James Imperato, Journal of Community Health

Emilio A. Emini is the Vice President of Vaccine and Antiviral Research at the Merck Research Laboratories. These he led the biological basic research team that developed indinavir, one of the first HIV protease inhibitors, as well as the team involved in the initial discovery of efavirenz, another of the highly active therapeutic agents used to treat of HIV infection. Over the past few years, Dr. Emini has worked toward the development of an HIV vaccine. He holds a Ph.D. in virology from Cornell University's Graduate School of Medical Sciences.

• Preface vii Contributors xi Chapter 1 The Structure and Biology of HIV 1: Introduction by Elana Cherry and Mark A. Wainberg Chapter 2 The Genetics of HIV-1 by Jon P. Anderson, Matthew Rain, Daniel Shriner, Allen G. Rodrigo, Yang Wang, David Nickle, Gerald H. Learn, Willscott E. Naugler, and James I. Mullins 44 Chapter 3 Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and the Problem of Drug Resistance by Matthias Gdtte, Shalom Spira, and Mark A. Wainberg 100 Chapter 4 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1 by Jan Balzarini 132 Chapter 5 HIV -1 Protease Inhibitors by Jon H. Condra and Joseph P. Vacca 172 Chapter 6 The Biology and Biochemistry of Integration as a Target for Chemotherapeutic Intervention by Daria J. Hazuda 223 Chapter 7 Chemokine Receptors in HIV Infection and AIDS by Nathaniel R. Landau 250 Chapter 8 Novel HIV-1 Therapeutic Targets: Regulatory Functions by Catherine Ulich and Richard B. Gaynor 294 Chapter 9 Novel HIV -1 Therapeutic Targets: Accessory Functions by Mario Stevenson 328 Chapter 10 The Interface between the Pathogenesis and Treatment of HIV Infection by Mark B. Feinberg 384 Chapter 11 HIV Prevention: Implementing Proven Prevention Interventions to Control the Global Epidemic by Chris Collins, Todd Summers, and Tom Coates 441 Chapter 12 The Immunobiology of HIV -1 Infection by Norman L. Letvin 459 Chapter 13 HIV Vaccines 2000: Prospects and Challenges by Spyros A. Kalams and Bruce D. Walker 481 Index 511

"Emini, one of the leading scientists in antiviral research, has edited an excellent treatise... Each chapter is written by an outstanding investigator in the field, and as a result this book provides an accurate and comprehensive review of the literature up to 2000."--Choice "Is it realistic to produce an up-to-date textbook on HIV and AIDS? Emilio Emini has made a brave attempt, persuading several of the best investigators in the field to write authoritative chapters... Overall, this book provides a comprehensive account of anti-HIV drugs and potential drugs and targets, based on what was known as of the end of the 1990s."--Robin A. Weiss, PH.D., New England Journal of Medicine "A useful review of immunology, and therapy of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus."--John P. Phair, Quarterly Review of Biology "A superb and comprehensive volume that summarizes all that is taking place in HIV research at the present time... [T]he leading comprehensive treatise on HIV research."--Pascal James Imperato, Journal of Community Health