India has transformed and much has happened since the first Lok Sabha elections in 1951–52. Social media, AI and other technologies make it easy to spin narratives and evade accountability, and to glibly manufacture content, data and analysis. These threaten the development of a responsible civil society. But then what really matters to voters? Times may have changed, but the substantive basis on which people vote – their perception of leadership and the improvement in their well-being – remains constant. Economist Surjit S. This book examines historical voting patterns and reveals how these correlate to changes in income, employment, welfare schemes, gender equality and much else. It looks at future conundrums like delimitation. It considers how voter attitudes have changed.