How We Argue

Christopher W. Tindale is Director of the Centre for Research in Reasoning, Argumentation, and Rhetoric (CRRAR) and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Windsor, Canada.

• Part 1: The nature of argument 1. "Traditional" argument (the power of deduction) 2. Counterargument: the power of rebuttal (what can be trusted?) 3. Numers matter (arguing with the use of polls) 4. Know your audience (rhetorical address) 5. Arguments and definitions (cults and presidents) 6. Saying less but meaning more (the use of hidden reasons) 7. Argument and explanation (what it all means) 8. Seeing is believing (the power of an image) 9. Moral reasoning (what is fair) Part II: Rhetorical argumentation 10. Arguing in silence (the power of a pause) 11. What’s in a gesture? (racism in an act of dismissal) 12. Say it again (the power of repetition) 13. Argument and satire (what do we do with the children?) 14. Turning the tables (who would be worse?) 15. Emotional appeal (a call to aid) Part III: Character-based argumentation 16. Praising character (the best amongst us) 17. Reflecting values (an excellent choice) 18. Bad Behavior (a failure of character) 19. Damning character (the worse amongst us) 20. Associations (the company we keep) 21. The power of the expert (who you are and what you know matters) Part IV: Strategies of reason 22. Using threats (let this be a warning) 23. Establishing precedents (what we do now matters later) 24. A causal chain (if this, then that) 25. Negative consequences (if this, then also that) 26. An unexpected outcome (the benefit of a pandemic) 27. For example (lessons from a case in point) 28. Argument and analogy (comparing cases) 29. A sign of the times (what do masks mean?) Part V: Epilogue: how we argue 30. A robot's point of view

Select Guide Rating