How Ancient Europeans Saw the World

Peter S. Wells is professor of anthropology at the University of Minnesota. His many books include Barbarians to Angels: The Dark Ages Reconsidered and The Barbarians Speak: How the Conquered Peoples Shaped Roman Europe (Princeton).

• List of Illustrations vii Preface xi Acknowledgments xvii Part I: Theory and Method Chapter 1: Of Monsters and Flowers 1 Chapter 2: Seeing and Shaping Objects 18 Chapter 3: The Visual Worlds of Early Europe 34 Chapter 4: Frame, Focus, Visualization 52 Part II: Material: Objects and Arrangements Chapter 5: Pottery: The Visual Ecology of the Everyday 72 Chapter 6: Attraction and Enchantment: Fibulae 99 Chapter 7: Status and Violence: Swords and Scabbards 112 Chapter 8: Arranging Spaces: Objects in Graves 131 Chapter 9: Performances: Objects and Bodies in Motion 155 Chapter 10: New Media in the Late Iron Age: Coins and Writing 176 Part III: Interpreting the Patterns Chapter 11: Changing Patterns in Objects and in Perception 188 Chapter 12: Contacts, Commerce, and the Dynamics of New Visual Patterns 200 Conclusion Chapter 13: The Visuality of Objects, Past and Present 222 Bibliographic Essay 231 References Cited 249 Index 281

Honorable Mention for the 2012 PROSE Award in Archeology & Anthropology, Association of American Publishers "[B]eautifully crisp and elegant... [Wells's] book deserves to be widely read and admired."--Peter Thonemann, Times Literary Supplement "With painstaking detail, Wells documents how objects tell the early European story, making a compelling case that historians ought to rethink the standard views."--Tom Siegfried, Science News "Archaeologist Wells takes a novel approach to exploring the way Bronze and Iron Age societies in Europe (2000BCE to 1CE) viewed themselves. Through analysing their artifacts, pottery, fibulae, swords and scabbards, and coins, as well as the arrangements of their graves and their public places, the author plausibly suggests that their views changed through time."--Choice "It is evident that Wells is constantly conscious of the fact that he is writing for a modem 'literate' person to who words are more important than visuals. He has explained every single object, without going on jargons. An interesting history of Europe."--R. Balashankar, Organiser "How Ancient Europeans Saw the World offers a completely new approach to the study of Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe, and represents a major challenge to existing views about prehistoric cultures."--World Book Industry "Wells presents thought-provoking ideas about Bronze Age and Iron Age Europeans. This book will stimulate further research on a very challenging topic, that is, the mindset of past populations. The extensive bibliography is very useful for archaeologists interested in this type of research."--Sarunas Milisauskas, Historian "This book is thought-provoking; its broad geographical scope is particularly relevant in this post-credit-crunch world where European integration is once more on the agenda."--Laura Slack, Time & Mind