Traditional medicine plays a crucial role in maintaining health, diagnosing diseases, and providing treatment. The World Health Organization's Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2019 highlights the increasing recognition of traditional and complementary medicine in national health systems worldwide. With its widespread availability and growing demand, traditional medicine contributes to the goal of universal healthcare by offering accessible, safe, and effective services.In this book, the authors seek to review and summarize the history, current state, and future potential of mainstream traditional medicine worldwide, as well as promote the integration of traditional and conventional medicine, serving as a valuable reference for policymakers, academic institutions, and stakeholders. This book encompasses nine chapters, covering Ayurveda, chiropractic, European Traditional Herbal Medicine, Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine, Homeopathy, Japanese Kampo, Korean Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Thai Medicine.