Alexander Gillespie is Pro Vice-Chancellor for Research and Professor of Law at the University of Waikato, New Zealand.

• Introduction I. Targets 1. Projectiles, Fire and Defended Areas2. International Law on Projectiles Prior to the First World War 3. Between the Wars 4. The Second World War 5. The Nuremberg Trials and the 1949 Geneva Conventions 6. Between 1949 and 1977 7. The 1977 Additional Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions 8. From 1980 to the New CenturyII. Starvation 1. The Beginnings of Siege, Blockade and Scorched Earth 2. From the Enlightenment to the Twentieth Century 3. The First World War 4. The Second World War 5. After 1945 6. Two New Conventions and the Additional Protocols 7. Scorched Earth Between 1980 and the Twenty-first Century 8. Starvation in War Between 1980 and the Twenty-first Century III. Occupation 1. T he First Literate Civilisations 2. Ancient Israel 3. T he Greeks 4. T he Romans 5. T he Middle Ages 6. Forward from the Renaissance7. The Enlightenment 8. International Humanitarian Law Emerges 9. Two Bad Decades 10. The First World War 11. The Armenian Genocide 12. Between the Wars 13. The Second World War 14. Examining the Killing of Civilians at Nuremberg15. The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 16. The 1949 Convention (IV) Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 17. Between 1949 and 1977 18. The 1977 Additional Protocols and the 1979 Hostage Convention 19. Between Pol Pot and Saddam Hussein 20. The Wars of the 1990s 21. The International Criminal Court and its Aftermath IV. Property 1. Beginnings2. The Greeks and the Romans 3. The Dark Ages 4. The Crusading Period 5. The High Middle Ages and the Renaissance 6. The Reformation and Early Enlightenment 7. The Nineteenth Century 8. The First Half of the Twentieth Century 9. The Second World War 10. Forward From 1954 11. Realigning the Last Decades of the Twentieth Century Conclusion 1. Targeting Civilians 2. Is Starvation a Restricted Method of Warfare? 3. Are the Practices in Times of Occupation, with Particular Regard to Genocide, Reprisals and Rape Better or Worse than in the Past? 4. Is Property Safe from Pillage and Unnecessary Destruction?

These three slim volumes are a labour of love. They are the result of prodigious research into the history of many wars fought from ancient times…It is a work that is easy to read because it is written with great clarity and personal idealism. It will remain an important resource for researchers in this field of the law.