History of Ethics

DANIEL STAR is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. He is the author of Knowing Better: Virtue, Deliberation, and Normative Ethics (2015), in addition to numerous journal articles. He recently edited the Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity (2018).ROGER CRISP is Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford, Uehiro Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy at St Anne’s College, Oxford, and Professorial Fellow at the Australian Catholic University. He is the author of Mill on Utilitarianism (1997), Reasons and the Good (2008), and The Cosmos of Duty (2015). He is also editor of the Oxford Handbook of the History of Ethics (2013) and has translated Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics.

• Acknowledgements viiList of Sources ixIntroduction xiPart I Ancient and Medieval Ethics 11 Gorgias and Republic: The Authority of Morality 3Plato2 Republic (Continued): Justice and Virtue 25Plato3 Republic (Continued): The Good 41Plato4 Nicomachean Ethics: The Good Life 53Aristotle5 Nicomachean Ethics (Continued): The Nature of Virtue 67Aristotle6 Nicomachean Ethics (Continued): Responsibility and Practical Wisdom 77Aristotle7 Epicurus to Menoeceus and Principal Doctrines 91Epicurus8 The Discourses of Epictetus and the Manual, or Enchiridion 99Epictetus9 The Enchiridion 113Saint Augustine10 Summa Contra Gentiles and Summa Theologica 121Saint Thomas AquinasPart II Modern Ethics 1371 Leviathan 139Thomas Hobbes2 Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel and Dissertation II: On the Nature of Virtue 147Joseph Butler3 A Treatise of Human Nature and An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals: Reason and the Passions 165David Hume4 An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals: Virtue and Utility 183David Hume5 The Theory of Moral Sentiments 201Adam Smith6 Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and the Metaphysics of Morals: Reason and the Good Will 219Immanuel Kant7 Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (Continued): The Categorical Imperative 231Immanuel Kant8 An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation 247Jeremy Bentham9 Utilitarianism and the Subjection of Women 255John Stuart Mill10 On the Genealogy of Morality 281Friedrich Nietzsche11 The Methods of Ethics 299Henry SidgwickPart III Foundations of Contemporary Ethics 3311 Principia Ethica 333G. E. Moore2 The Right and the Good 343W. D. Ross3 Language, Truth and Logic 359Alfred Jules Ayer4 The Naturalistic Fallacy 367W. K. Frankena5 Modern Moral Philosophy 377G. E. M. Anscombe6 The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect 389Philippa Foot7 Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong 397J. L. Mackie8 A Theory of Justice 411John Rawls9 Ethical Theory and Utilitarianism 431R. M. HareIndex 443