Brian E. Clauser is Vice President of the Center for Advancement Assessment at the National Board of Medical Examiners, USA. He is Member of the Board of Editors for Applied Measurement in Education and Journal of Educational Measurement.Michael B. Bunch is Senior Advisor to Measurement Incorporated, USA, having served the company as Vice President and Senior Vice President of Research and Development since 1982.

• Part I Testing Movements 1. Early Efforts 2. Development and Evolution of the SAT and ACT 3. The History of Norm- and Criterion-Referenced Testing 4. The Role of the Federal Government in Shaping Educational Testing Policy and Practice 5. Historical Milestones in the Assessment of English Learners 6. Evolving Notions of Fairness in Testing in the United States 7. A Century of Testing Controversies Part II Measurement Theory and Practice 8. A History of Classical Test Theory 9. The Evolution of the Concept of Validity 10. Generalizability Theory 11. A History of Scaling and its Relationship to Measurement 12. A History of Bayesian Inference in Educational Measurement 13. History of Test Equating Methods and Practices Through 1985 14. A History of Rasch Measurement Theory

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