Historical Perspectives on Democracies and their Adversaries

Joost Augusteijn is Senior Lecturer at Leiden University, the Netherlands. He is the author of Patrick Pearse: The Making of a Revolutionary (2010) and the editor of several volumes.Constant Hijzen is Assistant Professor of Intelligence Studies and Head of the Intelligence and Security research group at Leiden University, the Netherlands.Mark Leon de Vries completed a PhD in 2015 at Leiden University, the Netherlands, and now works in online professional education.

• Chapter 1: Joost Augusteijn, Constant Hijzen, and Mark Leon de Vries - Introduction: Democracy, the Nation State, and their adversaries.- Section 1: learning to deal with anti-democratic groupings, 1870-1933.- Section 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2: Mark Leon de Vries - “… a Wretched, Down Trodden and Impoverished People.” The Louisiana White League and the Propaganda of Democratic Legitimacy.- Chapter 3: Kristian M. Mennen - Nazis, Violence and the State: Social Democratic Repertoire Discussions in Germany and the Netherlands around 1930.- Chapter 4: Joris Gijsenbergh - Democracy’s Various Defenders: The Struggle Against Political Extremism in the Netherlands, 1917-1940.- Section 2: New Forms of Mobilisation in the age of civil resistance, 1960-1997.- Section 2 Introduction.- Chapter 5: Joost Augusteijn and Jacco Pekelder - Terrorist Constituencies in Terrorist-State Conflicts. The debate on the use of violence among Irish nationalists and West Germany’s Radical Left in the Mid 1970s.- Chapter 6: Constant Hijzen - The seeds of danger. The security service and its ‘enemy image’ of ‘the movement’ in the 1980s.- Chapter 7: Yavuz Yildirim - (In)effectiveness of Social Movements in Turkish Democracy: institutional and non-constitutional cases.- Chapter 8: Miina Kaarkoski - Parliamentary democracy versus direct democracy? Challenging liberal, representative democracy in the German Bundestag during the antinuclear demonstrations of 1995-1997.- Section 3: Dealing with opposition in the post-Cold War period, 1998-2018.- Section 3 Introduction.- Chapter 9: Henrik Vigh - Displaced without Moving. Loyalism and democratic haunting in Northern Ireland.- Chapter 10: Ana Maria Albulescu - Towards an understanding of incomplete secession in the Moldovan-Transnistrian case; between democracy and autocracy.- Chapter 11: Arianna Piacentini - Fragmented Democracy in Dayton’s Bosnia Herzegovina. Institutions, Political Elite and Youth.- Conclusions.- Chapter 12: Joost Augusteijn, Constant Hijzen, and Mark Leon de Vries - Concluding Remarks.-