In this new edition of his 2013 work, Cooper and independent scholars Randy Kinnett and Megan Marie McCarty update existing entries and add 132 more on women musicians, musicians of color, and exponents of musical Romanticism from Central and South America and Central and Eastern Europe. Also included are entries on performers, traditions, famous pieces, technical terms, institutions, places, and historical events that had an impact on music composition or performance, such as the Revolutions of 1848, the U.S. Civil War, the French Revolution, World War I, and much more. A detailed chronology helps place the “long 19th century” (roughly 1780–1918) into historical, literary, and fine arts contexts. The broad and extensive bibliography includes a selected source-critical series of editions of major Romantic composers’ works. Meant as a complement to the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians and Oxford Music Online, this is an excellent one-volume ready reference resource for students, researchers, and others interested in music history.