Historic Urban Landscape

Francesco Bandarin is the Assistant Director-General for Culture of UNESCO, formerly the Director of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre and the Secretary of the World Heritage Committee. He is trained as an Architect (Venice 1975) and Urban Planner (UC Berkeley 1977) and has pursued an academic career as Professor of Urban Planning at the University of Venice (IUAV) and a professional career as consultant for international organizations in the field of urban conservation and development. He has been actively involved in the Venice Safeguarding Project and in the preparation of Rome for the year 2000 Jubilee. As Director of the World Heritage Centre he has promoted the revision of the UNESCO recommendation on historic cities and has contributed to development of the debate on the role of contemporary architecture in historic cities, on the management of their social and physical changes and on the role of communities in the conservation of historic values. Ron van Oers is Vice Director, World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for Asia and the Pacific (WHITRAP). He was formerly Programme Specialist for Culture at the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, coordinating the World Heritage Cities Programme and the international effort to develop new guidelines for urban conservation, which were adopted as the 2011 Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. He is trained as an Urban Planner (Delft 1993) and received his doctorate (PhD, Delft 2000) on a research into the principles of Dutch colonial town planning (published as book). He is the Founding Editor (together with Dr. Ana Pereira-Roders) of the Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development (JCHMSD), published by Emerald Group Publishing (UK) and a Member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Change Over Time: International Journal of Conservation and the Built Environment, published by Penn Press, University of Pennsylvania’s School of Design (USA).

• Preface: A new approach to urban conservation vii Acknowledgements xxiAbbreviations and Acronyms xxiii1. Urban Conservation: Short History of a Modern Idea 1The Origins of Urban Conservation: Between Engineering and Romanticism 1The Historic City as Heritage 10Fracture: the Modern Movement versus the Historic City 15Out of Modernism: New Approaches to Urban Conservation 232. Urban Conservation as International Public Policy 37Urban Conservation Policies after the Second World War 37Urban Conservation in International Charters and Standard-Setting Instruments 39Regional Charters 50Rethinking Urban Conservation 61Towards a New Urban Conservation Paradigm 65The Historic Urban Landscape Approach 723. The Changing Context of Urban Heritage Management 75Introducing External and Internal Forces of Change 75Exponential Increase in Urbanisation on a Global Scale 76Environmental Concerns and the Sustainability of Urban Development 81The Impact of Climate Change 89The Changing Role of Cities as Drivers of Development 93The Emergence of the Tourism Industry 99Broadening Perceptions and Urban Heritage Values 105The Management of Change 1084. New Actors and Approaches to Urban Heritage Management 113The Contemporary Context of Urban Heritage Management 113The Emergence of a New Urban Strategy 114Urban Strategies of International Institutions 1345. Expanding the Toolkit for Management of the Urban Environment 143Urban Heritage Management: Actors and Tools 143Regulatory Systems 145Community Engagement Tools 154Technical Tools 159Financial Tools 1716. The Historic Urban Landscape: Preserving Heritage in an Urban Century 175The Historic City Meets Globalisation 175The Contemporary Reflection on the City 182Integrating Heritage Conservation and Urban Development 186Historic Urban Landscape: a Tool for the Management of Change 188Epilogue 191Annex 1. Note on the Development of the Historic Urban Landscape Approach 195Annex 2. The 2005 Vienna Memorandum 203Annex 3. The UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape 209Bibliography 217Index 229