Histidine Kinases in Signal Transduction

• PrefaceContributors1 Histidine Kinases: Introductory RemarksIntroductionBasic Structure of Histidine Kinases (HKs)Uniqueness of HKsDifference between HKs and Ser/Thr/Tyr KinasesSignal Transduction MechanismRegulation of Kinase and Phosphatase Activities: Switch Model and Rheostat ModelConcluding RemarksReferences2 The Histidine Kinase Family: Structures of Essential Building BlocksIntroductionKinase/Phosphatase Core DomainPhosphotransfer DomainConsiderations on Domain InteractionsConcluding RemarksReferences3 Regulation of Porins in Escherichia coli by the Osmosensing Histidine Kinase~hosphatase EnvZIntroductionDomain A Is the Catalytic DomainDomain B Is the Catalysis-Assisting and ATP-Binding DomainMonomeric Histidine Kinase: Topological Arrangement between Domain A and Domain BRole of DNA in EnvZ FunctionStoichiometric Complex Formation between EnvZ and OmpRRegulation of Kinase and Phosphatase Activities: Switch Model versus Rheostat ModelMechanism of OsmoregulationConcluding RemarksReferences4 Structure and Function of CheA, the Histidine Kinase Central to Bacterial ChemotaxisIntroductionModular Structure of CheAA Superfamily of Histidine Kinases and ATPasesNucleotide Binding by CheA P4 and the GHL ATPasesATP Hydrolysis and Conformation of P4HPt Domain P1 and Phosphoryl TransferP2 Domain and Response Regulator CouplingA Separate Dimerization DomainReceptor Coupling by the P5 Regulatory DomainIs Flexibility between Domains Important for Signaling?Controlling Protein-Protein Interactions with ATPProspects for the Design of Antibiotics Directed at CheAWhat Is Next?References5 Transmembrane Signaling and the Regulation of Histidine Kinase ActivityIntroductionMembrane Receptor KinasesType I Histidine Kinase ReceptorsReceptors with Several Membrane-Spanning SegmentsTransmembrane Signaling in Bacterial ChemotaxisConclusionsReferences6 Structure-Function Relationships: Chemotaxis and Ethylene ReceptorsIntroductionChemotaxis and ChemoreceptorsThe Ethylene ReceptorChemoreceptors and Membrane-Bound Histidine Proteins KinasesReferences7 New Insights into the Mechanism of the Kinase and Phosphatase Activities of Escherichia coli NRH (NtrB) and Their Regulation by the PII ProteinIntroductionMechanism of NRII Autophosphorylation and Regulation of This Activity by PIIRegulation of the Transphosphorylation Activity of NRII by PIIEvidence for Conformational Alteration of NRII by PII BindingMapping the Interaction of PII with NRIIMapping the Activities of NRIIExplaining the Activities of Mutant Forms of NRIIReferences8 Role of the Histidine-Containing Phosphotransfer Domain (HPt) in the Muhistep Phosphorelay through the Anaerobic Hybrid Sensor, ArcBIntroductionHPt DomainStructure and Function of Common HPt DomainsMultistep ArcB→ArcA Phosphorelay System in Escherichia coli AnaerobiosisAdvantage of Multistep PhosphorelayMultisignaling Circuitry of the ArcB→ArcA PhosphorelayPhospho-HPt Phosphatase Is Involved in the ArcB→ArcA Signaling CircuitryPhysiological Role of SixA-Phosphatase in Response to Anaerobic Respiratory ConditionsCross-Phosphorelay Occurs on OmpR through EnvZ Osmosensor and ArcB AnaerosensorAtypical HPt Factor Is Involved in the Multistep RcsC→YojN→RcsB PhosphorelayHPt Domains in Higher PlantsConcluding RemarksReferences 9 Genome-Wide Analysis of Escherichia coli Histidine KinasesIntroductionHistidine Kinase Genes in the E. coli GenomeVersatility of E. coli Histidine KinasesDeletion Analysis of Every Histidine Kinase Gene in the E. coli GenomeDNA Microarray Analysis of Histidine Kinases for Gene RegulationsReferences10 Signal Transmission and Specificity in the Sporulation Phosphorelay of Bacillus subtilisIntroductionStructural Characterization of Phosphorelay ComponentsInteractions of the Response Regulator with the Phosphotransferase DomainConclusionReferences11 Histidine Kinases: Extended Relationship with GHL ATPasesIntroductionDiverse Functions Supported by a Conserved ATP-Binding SiteFeatures of the ATP-Binding SiteMechanistic ImplicationsClosing RemarksReferences12 Response Regulator Proteins and Their Interactions with Histidine Protein KinasesIntroductionRegulatory DomainsEffector DomainsRegulation of Response Regulatory PhosphorylationInteractions of Response Regulators with Histidine Kinases and Histidine-Containing Phosphotransfer DomainsPerspectivesReferences13 Cyanophytochromes, Bacteriophytochromes, and Plant Phytochromes: Light-Regulated Kinases Related to Bacterial Two-Component RegulatorsIntroduction to Phytochromes (Phys)Phys as Proteins Kinases?Discovery of Cyanophytochromes (CphPs) and Bacteriophytochromes (BphPs)Photochemical Properties of CphPs and BphPsHistidine Kinase Domains and Kinase Activity for CphPs and BphPsBiological Functions of Prokaryotic PhysDo Higher Plant Phys Function as Two-Component Histidine Kinases?Functions of the Kinase Activity of PhysBphP, CphP, and Phy EvolutionConclusionsReferences14 Histidine Kinases in the Cyanobacterial Circadian SystemIntroductionCyanobacterial Circadian RhythmsMolecular Genetics of Cyanobacterial Circadian System: Kai GenesSasA, a KaiC-Binding Histidine Kinase as a Circadian AmplifierCikA, a Bacteriophytochrome Family Histidine Kinase as a Circadian Photic Input FactorPerspectives: Toward Further Understanding of His-to-Asp SignalingPathways in the Circadian Network in CyanobacteriaReferences15 Two-Component Control of Quorum Sensing in Gram-Negative BacteriaIntroductionQuorum Sensing in Vibrio harveyiQuorum Sensing in Myxococcus xanthusConclusionsReferences16 Intercellular Communication in Gram-Positive Bacteria Depends on Peptide Pheromones and Their Histidine Kinase ReceptorsIntroductionIntercellular Communication by Unmodified PeptidesIntercellular Communication by Modified PeptidesBacteria Speak Different LanguagesPeptide Pheromones Depend on Histidine Kinase ReceptorsThe HPK10 Subfamily of Histidine KinasesReferences17 Initiation of Bacterial Killing by Two-Component Sensing of a "Death Peptide": Development of Antibiotic Tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniaeIntroductionCell Death and Signal TransductionSummary and PerspectivesReferences18 Role of Multiple Sensor Kinases in Cell Cycle Progression and Differentiation in Caulobacter crescentusIntroductionTemporal and Spatial Control of Cell Cycle EventsLevels of Developmental RegulationControl of Differentiation by Cell Cycle CheckpointsTwo-Component Signal Transduction and Cell Cycle RegulationSummary and PerspectivesReferences19 The Slnl-Ypdl-Sskl Multistep Phosphorelay System That Regulates an Osmosensing MAP Kinase Cascade in YeastIntroductionThe Common Downstream PathwayThe SLN 1 BranchThe SHO 1 BranchConcluding RemarksReferences20 Histidine Kinases of DictyosteliumIntroduction Eukaryotic Histidine KinasesDictyostelium Histidine KinasesPhenotypic AnalysesDouble MutantsStructure and Function of DhkAThe Late Adenylyl Cyclase ACRSummary and PerspectivesReferences21 Ethylene Perception in Arabidopsis by the ETR1 Receptor Family: Evaluating a Possible Role for Two-Component Signaling in Plant Ethylene ResponsesIntroductionETR1 Family Gene Structure and BiochemistryEthylene Sensor DomainGAF-like DomainHistidine Kinase-Coupled ReceptorReceiver DomainKinase Activity in the Cytosolic Portion of ETR1Mutational Analysis of the Ethylene PathwayTwomComponent Signaling through MAPk Kinases in Saccharomyces cerevesiae and ArabidopsisReferences22 Pathogenicity and Histidine Kinases: Approaches Toward the Development of a New Generation of AntibioticsIntroductionAre Histidine Kinases Good Antibacterial Targets?Alternatives to High Throughput Screens: Possibilities for Structure-Based Screening for Identification Histidine of Kinase InhibitorsReferences23 Molecular Evolution of Histidine KinasesIntroductionDomains of Histidine KinasesEvolution of Histidine KinasesConclusionReferencesIndex

"...this book contains 23 chapters written by some of the major researchers in the field. ...Of likely utility for biologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, and biochemists interested in signal transduction, as well as experimental biologists and pharmacologists." --SCITECH BOOK NEWS (March 2003)