This book constitutes the refereed revised selected papers of the 10th Latin American Conference on High Performance Computing, CARLA 2023, held in Cartagena, Colombia, during September 18–22, 2023.The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: High Performance Computing (HPC), Artificial Intelligence using HPC Scale and High Performance Computing Applications.