Dr. Edoardo Gronda is Director of IRCCS Clinical Research Cardiology Unit and San Giuseppe Hospital (MultiMedica Group) in Milan, Italy, since 2010. His interest in heart failure started in 1984 when he staged 6 months at the London University Hospital Ontario (Canada), training on Heart Transplant program. Back to Italy he became one of the earliest Italian experts in heart failure as a sub-specialty, running the Heart failure/Heart Transplant Medicine Program at the Niguarda General Hospital, Milan, until 1999. Emilio Vanoli is Associate Professor of Cardiology at the University of Pavia (Italy) and Adjunct Associate Professor of Physiology at the University of Oklahoma. He is Director of the outpatient Heart Failure Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan (Italy).  Alexandru Costea is Medical Director of Electrophysiology at the University of Cincinnati Hospital. He is Full Professor at the University of the Cincinnati School of Medicine and Associate Program Director of the Electrophysiology Fellowship Program since 2010. Furthermore, he is an expert in atrial fibrillation ablations and ventricular tachycardia ablations.

• PART I CURRENT HEART FAILURE THERAPIES 1 Therapies in heart failure, tomorrow may be too late.- 2  Atrial fibrillation, heart failure and the autonomic nervous system.- 3 Current therapies for ventricular tachycardia. Are there autonomic implications of the arrhythmogenic substrate?.- PART II THE AUTONOMIC REGULATION AND DIS-REGULATION OF THE HEART: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN HEART FAILURE 4 “The autonomic Nervous system symphony orchestra”: Pathophysiology of Autonomic Nervous system and Analysis of Activity Frequences.- 5 Autonomic pathophysiology after myocardial infarction falling into heart failure.- 6 Cardiovascular serenade: listening to the heart.- 7 Whispering during sleep: autonomic signalling during sleep, sleep apnoea and sudden death.- 8 Cerebral aging: Implications for the autonomic nervous system regulation.- PART III MODULATION OF AUTONOMIC FUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE 9 The autonomic cardiorenal cross-talk: pathophysiology and implications for heart failure management.- 10 Vagal Stimulation in Heart failure: an antiinflammatory intervention?.- 11 Baroreflex activation therapy in heart failure.- 12 Renal reflexes and denervation in heart failure.- 13 Conclusions: back to the future.

Dr. Edoardo Gronda is Director of IRCCS Clinical Research Cardiology Unit and San Giuseppe Hospital (MultiMedica Group) in Milan, Italy, since 2010. His interest in heart failure started in 1984 when he staged 6 months at the London University Hospital Ontario (Canada), training on Heart Transplant program. Back to Italy he became one of the earliest Italian experts in heart failure as a sub-specialty, running the Heart failure/Heart Transplant Medicine Program at the Niguarda General Hospital, Milan, until 1999. Emilio Vanoli is Associate Professor of Cardiology at the University of Pavia (Italy) and Adjunct Associate Professor of Physiology at the University of Oklahoma. He is Director of the outpatient Heart Failure Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan (Italy).  Alexandru Costea is Medical Director of Electrophysiology at the University of Cincinnati Hospital. He is Full Professor at the University of the Cincinnati School of Medicine and Associate Program Director of the Electrophysiology Fellowship Program since 2010. Furthermore, he is an expert in atrial fibrillation ablations and ventricular tachycardia ablations.

• PART I CURRENT HEART FAILURE THERAPIES 1 Therapies in heart failure, tomorrow may be too late.- 2  Atrial fibrillation, heart failure and the autonomic nervous system.- 3 Current therapies for ventricular tachycardia. Are there autonomic implications of the arrhythmogenic substrate?.- PART II THE AUTONOMIC REGULATION AND DIS-REGULATION OF THE HEART: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN HEART FAILURE 4 “The autonomic Nervous system symphony orchestra”: Pathophysiology of Autonomic Nervous system and Analysis of Activity Frequences.- 5 Autonomic pathophysiology after myocardial infarction falling into heart failure.- 6 Cardiovascular serenade: listening to the heart.- 7 Whispering during sleep: autonomic signalling during sleep, sleep apnoea and sudden death.- 8 Cerebral aging: Implications for the autonomic nervous system regulation.- PART III MODULATION OF AUTONOMIC FUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE 9 The autonomic cardiorenal cross-talk: pathophysiology and implications for heart failure management.- 10 Vagal Stimulation in Heart failure: an antiinflammatory intervention?.- 11 Baroreflex activation therapy in heart failure.- 12 Renal reflexes and denervation in heart failure.- 13 Conclusions: back to the future.

Dr. Edoardo Gronda is Director of IRCCS Clinical Research Cardiology Unit and San Giuseppe Hospital (MultiMedica Group) in Milan, Italy, since 2010. His interest in heart failure started in 1984 when he staged 6 months at the London University Hospital Ontario (Canada), training on Heart Transplant program. Back to Italy he became one of the earliest Italian experts in heart failure as a sub-specialty, running the Heart failure/Heart Transplant Medicine Program at the Niguarda General Hospital, Milan, until 1999. Emilio Vanoli is Associate Professor of Cardiology at the University of Pavia (Italy) and Adjunct Associate Professor of Physiology at the University of Oklahoma. He is Director of the outpatient Heart Failure Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan (Italy).  Alexandru Costea is Medical Director of Electrophysiology at the University of Cincinnati Hospital. He is Full Professor at the University of the Cincinnati School of Medicine and Associate Program Director of the Electrophysiology Fellowship Program since 2010. Furthermore, he is an expert in atrial fibrillation ablations and ventricular tachycardia ablations.

• PART I CURRENT HEART FAILURE THERAPIES 1 Therapies in heart failure, tomorrow may be too late.- 2  Atrial fibrillation, heart failure and the autonomic nervous system.- 3 Current therapies for ventricular tachycardia. Are there autonomic implications of the arrhythmogenic substrate?.- PART II THE AUTONOMIC REGULATION AND DIS-REGULATION OF THE HEART: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN HEART FAILURE 4 “The autonomic Nervous system symphony orchestra”: Pathophysiology of Autonomic Nervous system and Analysis of Activity Frequences.- 5 Autonomic pathophysiology after myocardial infarction falling into heart failure.- 6 Cardiovascular serenade: listening to the heart.- 7 Whispering during sleep: autonomic signalling during sleep, sleep apnoea and sudden death.- 8 Cerebral aging: Implications for the autonomic nervous system regulation.- PART III MODULATION OF AUTONOMIC FUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE 9 The autonomic cardiorenal cross-talk: pathophysiology and implications for heart failure management.- 10 Vagal Stimulation in Heart failure: an antiinflammatory intervention?.- 11 Baroreflex activation therapy in heart failure.- 12 Renal reflexes and denervation in heart failure.- 13 Conclusions: back to the future.