Del 3 i serien British Nutrition Foundation

Healthy Ageing

The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle

Häftad, Engelska, 2009

AvBNF (British Nutrition Foundation),Sara Stanner,Rachel Thompson,Judith L. Buttriss

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Year on year, countries across the world continue to see an increase in life expectancy, largely attributed to the impact of modern medicine and disease eradication. There is now increasing evidence that environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle also have a significant role to play. However with this increase in years there often comes an unfortunate rise in chronic morbidity, with the quality of later life severely compromised by ill health.With age being the single greatest risk factor for a large proportion of common medical conditions, this latest report from the British Nutrition Foundation looks in detail at the role nutrition and physical activity can play in ensuring that the older adults of tomorrow can lead not only longer, but healthier lives. Written by a team of well known and respected expertsDescribes the role of diet and lifestyle in the ageing process of the major body organs and tissues including the brain, heart, gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal tissues, eyes, teeth and skin, as well as immune and endocrine systemsProvides essential information for anyone involved in promoting health and quality of life for older peopleEach chapter includes a summary of the key points, as well as important recommendations to help identify long-term strategies for healthy ageingAn overview of the main messages of the report are provided in a practical question and answer format suitable for lay readersFull of invaluable information on a subject which is set to increase in importance as the average age of populations rise worldwide, this book is crucial reading for students of nutrition, dietetics and food science, clinical nutritionists, public health nutritionists and policy makers. It will also provide an excellent reference for those working in the food industry and for nutritional supplement manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2009-01-02
Mått191 x 246 x 24 mm
Vikt1 071 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
SerieBritish Nutrition Foundation
Antal sidor448
FörlagJohn Wiley and Sons Ltd
ISBN9781405178778

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Foreword xviiTerms of Reference xviiiTask Force Membership xix1 Diet and Nutrition Issues Relevant to Older Adults 1Brigid McKevith1.1 Introduction 11.2 Ageing and health 31.3 Ageing, gender and ethnicity 71.4 Costs of an ageing population 91.5 Nutritional requirements of older people and current recommendations 91.6 Food patterns, nutrient intakes and nutritional status of older people 141.7 Determinants of food and nutrient intake and status in older people 201.8 Conclusions 241.9 Key points 241.10 Recommendations for future research 251.11 Key references 252 The Basic Biology of Ageing 26Professor Thomas B.L. Kirkwood and Professor John C. Mathers2.1 Definitions 262.2 Current understanding of ageing and its genetic basis 262.3 Mechanisms of cellular damage 282.4 Metabolic factors affecting ageing 302.5 Energy (calorie) restriction in rodents 31\2.6 Early life effects 322.7 Nutrition and antioxidants 332.8 Nutrition and inflammation 332.9 Nutrigenomics 342.10 Conclusions 342.11 Key points 342.12 Recommendations for future research 352.13 Key references 353 Healthy Ageing: Teeth and the Oral Cavity 36Professor Angus Walls3.1 Changing oral health status with age 363.2 Impact of nutrition on oral disease 363.3 Impact of the oral environment on nutrition 453.4 Taste and smell 493.5 Texture 513.6 Key points 523.7 Recommendations for future research 533.8 Key references 534 Healthy Ageing: Bone Health 54Dr Nigel Loveridge and Dr Susan A. Lanham-New4.1 Introductory remarks 544.2 Nutritional influences on bone health 574.3 Discussion 704.4 Key points 714.5 Recommendations for future research 724.6 Key references 735 Healthy Ageing: The Joints 74Professor Paul Dieppe5.1 Introduction 745.2 The inflammatory arthropathies 755.3 Osteoarthritis 785.4 Conclusion 855.5 Key points 865.6 Recommendations for future research 865.7 Key references 876 Healthy Ageing: Skeletal Muscle 88Dr Emilie A. Wilkes and Professor Michael J. Rennie6.1 Introduction 886.2 Functions of skeletal muscle 886.3 Sarcopenia 896.4 Muscle fibre type composition and ageing 946.5 Proximal causes of age-related changes in skeletal muscle 966.6 Ageing and glucose metabolism 986.7 Protein turnover 996.8 Implications for protein requirements 1016.9 Caloric restriction 1026.10 The effects of physical activity/exercise 1026.11 Can nutraceuticals help maintain muscle mass? 1036.12 Skeletal muscle spasms with progressive ageing 1046.13 Summary and recommendations 1046.14 Key points 1056.15 Recommendations for future research 1056.16 Key references 1067 Healthy Ageing: The Skin 107Dr Gail Jenkins, Dr Linda J. Wainwright and Dr Martin R. Green7.1 Introduction 1077.2 Skin structure and function 1077.3 Intermediate metabolism 1097.4 Skin research models 1097.5 Vitamin D and health 1107.6 Skin ageing 1117.7 Nutritional influences on skin health 1137.8 Vitamins essential for skin 1137.9 Nutrition, UV protection and skin ageing 1157.10 Nutrition and wound healing 1187.11 Dietary intake and skin conditions 1207.12 Gene–nutrient interactions and skin 1217.13 Skin nutrition: topical or dietary? 1227.14 Key points 1237.15 Recommendations for future research 1237.16 Key references 1248 Healthy Ageing: The Brain 125Dr Robert Clarke8.1 Introduction 1258.2 Stroke 1258.3 Dementia 1338.4 Depression 1388.5 Parkinson's disease 1398.6 Implications for research and public health 1408.7 Key points 1418.8 Recommendations for future research 1418.9 Key references 1429 Healthy Ageing: The Eye 143Dr Astrid E. Fletcher9.1 Introduction 1439.2 AMD and cataract: classic conditions of ageing? 1479.3 Brief review of structure and function of the lens 1489.4 Brief overview of retinal structure and function 1499.5 The role of diet: evidence from epidemiological studies 1519.6 Role of diet: evidence from randomised trials 1569.7 Key points 1579.8 Recommendations for future research 1589.9 Key references 15810 Healthy Ageing: The Cardiovascular System 159Sara Stanner10.1 Pathophysiology 15910.2 The scale of the problem 15910.3 Ageing and CVD risk 16010.4 Risk factors for CVD in the general population 16110.5 Age trends in CVD risk factors 16610.6 Relevance of CVD risk factors after the age of 65 years 16810.7 The role of dietary and nutritional factors in CVD prevention 17310.8 Physical activity and CVD 18510.9 The need for a life-course approach 18610.10 Treating and preventing CVD in the elderly 18710.11 Key points 18810.12 Recommendations for future research 18910.13 Key references 19011 Healthy Ageing: The Immune System 191Dr Rosalyn J. Forsey, Julie M. Thompson, Dr Graham Pawelec and Dr Jonathan R. Powell11.1 Overview of the immune system 19111.2 Immune changes during ageing 19211.3 Genetics and immune ageing 19711.4 Inflammation and ageing 19711.5 Immune ageing and infections 20011.6 Immune ageing and cancer 20011.7 Diet and lifestyle routes to control inflammation 20111.8 Nutrition and immunity 20211.9 Key points 20511.10 Recommendations for future research 20611.11 Key references 20712 Healthy Ageing: The Gastrointestinal Tract 208Professor Ian R. Rowland and Professor John C. Mathers12.1 Introduction 20812.2 The oesophagus 20812.3 The stomach 21112.4 The small intestine 21512.5 The large intestine 22012.6 Key points 22712.7 Recommendations for future research 22812.8 Key references 22913 Healthy Ageing: The Endocrine System 230Brigid McKevith: Professor Judith L. Buttriss and Sara Stanner13.1 Introduction 23013.2 The endocrine system and the effects of ageing 23113.3 Effect of age-related changes in hormonal status on risk of disease 23513.4 The influence of diet and physical activity on the endocrine system 23913.5 Key points 24413.6 Recommendations for future research 24513.7 Key references 24514 Taking the Science Forward: Public Health Implications 246Professor Judith L. Buttriss14.1 Introduction 24614.2 Current trends in morbidity and quality of life 24914.3 Summary of the Task Force's findings for different organ systems 26014.4 Common themes 27514.5 Current trends in diet and the way forward 27514.6 Current trends in physical activity and the way forward 28314.7 Recommendations: life-course strategies 28814.8 Key points 29314.9 Key references 29415 Conclusions of the Task Force 29515.1 Chapter 1 29615.2 Chapter 2 29615.3 Chapter 3 29615.4 Chapter 4 29715.5 Chapter 5 29815.6 Chapter 6 29815.7 Chapter 7 29815.8 Chapter 8 29915.9 Chapter 9 30015.10 Chapter 10 30015.11 Chapter 11 30115.12 Chapter 12 30215.13 Chapter 13 30315.14 Chapter 14 30416 Recommendations of the Task Force 30516.1 Recommendations for the research community 30516.2 General recommendations to other key stakeholders 31017 Healthy Ageing: Answers to Common Questions 31317.1 The causes and consequences of our ageing population 31317.2 The effect of ageing on diet and nutritional needs 31417.3 Impact of genes vs. environmental factors on life expectancy 31417.4 Ageing and oral health 31517.5 Ageing and bone health 31717.6 Effect of nutrient intake/status on bone health 31817.7 Ageing and joint health 31917.8 Ageing and muscle loss 32117.9 Ageing and skin damage 32217.10 Effect of lifestyle factors on stroke and cognitive function in later life 32317.11 Vision problems in ageing adults 32417.12 Nutrition and lifestyle factors and the ageing eye 32517.13 Ageing and cardiovascular disease 32517.14 Effect of diet and lifestyle on risk of cardiovascular disease 32617.15 Ageing and the immune system 32717.16 Ageing and the digestive system 32817.17 Ageing and hormones 33017.18 Dietary and lifestyle advice to promote healthy ageing 33117.19 Dietary interventions and policies 333Glossary 334References 345Index 415