Eugene Yu MD, FRCPC is a neuroradiologist who subspecializes in head and neck imaging at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto. He is Professor in the Departments of Medical Imaging and Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Dr Yu obtained his medical school degree, radiology residency and neuroradiology fellowship at the University of Toronto. He is former site director for both the Neuroradiology Fellowship and the Radiology Residency Programs at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto and former clinical lead of head and neck imaging at the University Health Network. He has published over 100 articles mostly focussed on head and neck radiology in various peer review journals. He is the co-author of “Skull Base Cancer Imaging” (2018) Thieme Editor, Emergency Imaging: Rad Cases. (2014) Thieme Editor and Introductory Head and Neck Imaging. (2014). Jaypee Brothers Editor. He is contributor of at least 20 books focused on Head and neck imaging and cancer imaging. Dr. Yu has served on the executive board of the North American Skull Base Society. He has been an invited visiting professor at different Universities including University of Chicago and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He served as an Associate Editor of the journal Head & Neck. He is a current reviewer for peer review journals like Radiology, Clinical imaging, JAMA Otolaryngology, Journal of Neurological Surgery – Skull Base and Neuroradiology.Ammar Haouimi MD, DIS, DURP, DUCT, EDUS is a consultant radiologist at Aurès Imaging center at Batna, Algeria. He got his training from University of Bordeaux II. He was the head of the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Ohud Hospital and Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital (MMCH), Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Currently he is one of the editors of the biggest online open-source teaching radiology website “Radiopaedia.org” where he published more than 2600 cases and contributed to more than 860 articles. He authored eight books on different Radiology subspeciality including co-author of Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Z.H. Choudhuri MD, DIS, DUNR, DUMRI, DUEG is a staff neuroradiologist and former chief of Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging at Edmundston Regional Hospital, NB, Canada. He got his Neuroradiology training under mentorship of Prof. Dominique Doyon and Prof. Pierre Lasjaunias at Hôpital Bicêtre, University of Sorbonne, (Paris V). He completed his fellowship in Maxillo-facial Radiology from University of Paris Sud. Previously he served as Senior Consultant at King Fahd Hospital in Medinah, Saudi Arabia. He has extensive teaching experience and has trained many residents both at home and abroad. He is the co-author of “Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis” (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Rukhsana Begum MD, DIS, DUEG is a staff radiologist and former chief of Radiology and Medical Imaging at Edmundston Regional Hospital, NB, Canada. She specialised from University of Sorbonne (Paris V) and worked at Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpital Avicenne, Necker–Enfants Malades and Hôpital Robert Debré in Paris. She was head of the department of Radiology and Imaging at Maternity and Children Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. She has extensive teaching experience, particularly in Pediatric Neuroradiology. She is the coauthor of “Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis” (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Chelia Boukaaba MD is a consultant radiologist at Aurès Imaging center at Batna, Algeria. She specialised from University of Constantine, Algeria. Currently she is the head of the women’s imaging department. She contributed to three books published by Dr. Ammar Haouimi.

• Fronto-orbial lymphatic malformation.- Rentinal detachment.- Plexiform neurofibroma.- Petrous apex cholesterol granuloma.- Foramen magnum meningioma.- Malignant otitis externa with sigmoid sinus thrombosis.- Orbital dermoid cyst.- Optic pathway glioma.- Optic neuritis.- Optic nerve sheath meningioma.- Nasal glioma.- Bilateral carotid body paraganglioma.- Ameloblastoma.- Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland.- Glomus vagal paraganglioma.- Lingual thyroglossal duct cyst.- Brachial plexitis.- Odontogenic keratogenic cyst.- Lingual abscess.- Infected second branchial cleft cyst.- Tornwaldt cyst.- Sjogren syndrome.- Cutis verticis gyrata or buldog scalp syndrome.- Esthesioneuroblastoma.- Choroidal melanoma.- Cavernous meningioma.- Optic nerve sheath meningioma.- Venous vascular malformation.- Lingual hemangioma.- Cystic lymphangioma.- Pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome.- Widal syndrome.- Inverted papilloma.- CPA lipoma.- Trans-glottic squamous cell carcinoma of larynx.- Vagal schwannoma.- Peritonsillar abscess.- Plunging ranula.- Antrochanal polyp or Killian polyp.- Endolymphatic sac tumor.- Nasopalatine duct cyst.- Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.- Facial infantile hemangioma.- Carotidynia.- Labyrinthitis with vestibular neuronitis.- Dentigerous cyst.- Optic disk melanocytoma.- Otomastoiditis with retroauricular subperiosteal abscess.- Soft tissue lipoma of neck.- Allergic fungal sinusitis.- Jugular foramen meningioma.- Ectopic thymus within thyroid gland.- Pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland.- Parotid liposubstitution.- Maxillary mucocele.- Mandibular osteoma.- Nasal pyogenic granuloma gravidarum.- Epigolttic cyst.- Ectopic tooth in infratemporal space.- Hemangiolipoma.- Naso-labial cyst or Klestadt cyst.- Orbital MALT lymphoma.- Myositis orbital pseudo-tumor.- Oro-antral fistula.- Optic disc drusen.- Odontogenic cutaneous fistula.- Kissing carotids.- Nasopharyngeal Burkitt lymphoma.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland.- Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue of neck.- Senile calcific scleral plaques.- Intraocular foreign body.- Infected gosypiboma of neck.- IAC exostosis.- Unilateral masticator muscles hypertrophy.- Atrophic rhinitis.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus.- Odontogenic fibromyxoma of the maxilla.- Bilateral anophthalmia.- Choanal atresia.- Infantile scalp hemangioma.- Choroidal hemangioma.- Hemangioma of buccal space.- Intramuscular hemangioma of masseter muscle.- Sphenochoanal polyp.- Sialolithiasis with chronic sialadenitis of parotid gland.- Schneiderian papilloma.- Infected dacrycystocele.- Ectopic intra-maxillary molar tooth with chronic maxillary sinusitis.- Calvarial hemangioma.- Pseudo-meningocele.- Peripheral osteoma of hard palate.- Supraorbital white epidermoid cyst.- Orbital blow-out fracture or trap door fracture.- Ossification of external ear.- Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland.- Plummer-vinson syndrome.- Retention cyst of fossa of Rosenmuller.- Petrous apicitis.- Parotid lipoma.- Intradiploiuc epidermoid cyst.- Graves’s disease.- Accessory parotid gland.- Adenoid stone with hypertrophied adenoid tonsils.- Substernal goiter.- EAC cholesteatoma.- Bilateral ectopic lentis.- Nasal septum perforation.- Orbital infection or panophthalmitis.- Frontal mucocele.- Dacryocystocele.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of submandibular gland.- CSF rhinorrhea.- Facial myxofibrosarcoma.- Osteoma of the cranial vault or button osteoma.- Vocal cord paralysis.- Mandibular schwannoma.- Chordoma.- Klippel-Feil syndrome.- Brachial plexus schwannoma.- Facial nerve schwannoma.- Cervical spondylodiscitis.- Solitary bone plasmocytoma.- Petrous bone dermoid cyst.- Meckel’s cave meningioma.- Orbital epidermoid cyst.- Cystic lymphangioma of parotid gland.- Cholesteatoma.- Warthin tumor.- Eagle syndrome.- Chronic parototis.- Bukitt lymphoma.- Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue.- Phthisis bulbi.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus.- Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.- Submental lipoma.- Facial neuritis.- Parapharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma.- Parotid lymphoepithelial cyst.- Dacryops or lacrimal gland duct cyst.- Non Hodgkin lymphoma (non MALT) of parotid gland.- Pilomatricoma.- Cervical schwannoma.- Acute labyrinthitis.- Persistent hyperplasia primary vitreous.- Epidermoid cyst of mandible.- Infected first branchial cleft cyst.- Calcified meningioma of cervical spine.- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.- Bilateral carotid artery fibromuscular dysplasia.- Cavernous sinus meningioma.- Multiple myeloma with large skull plasmocytoma.- Tuberculum sellae meningioma.- Zenker diverticulum.- Trigeminal schwannoma.- Metastatic breast cancer.- Lipoma of the mouth floor.- Sphenoid wing meningioma.- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.- Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.- Retropharyngeal abscess.- CPA metastases.- Otosclerosis fenestral and retrofenestral.- Skull and meningeal metastases.- Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.- Optic nerve glioma.- Vestibular schwannoma.- CPA meningioma.- Olfactory groove meningioma.- Sphenoid wing chondrosarcoma.- Labyrinthitis ossificans.- Temporal bone fracture with incudo-malleolar dislocation.- CPA arachnoid cyst.- Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.- Caritido-cavernous fistula.- Neurovascular compression syndrome.- CPA epidermoid cyst.- Hyothalamic cavernoma.- Foramen magnum hemangiopericytoma.- Chronic mandibular osteomyelitis.- Lteral mixed laryngocele.- Palatine tonsil carcinoma with metastatic lymphadenopathy.- Cholesteatoma with labyrinthine fistula.- Pearl cholesteatoma.- Dehiscent superior semicircular canal.- Retinoblastoma.- Tympanic paraganglioma.- Papillary thyroid cancer.- Pott’s puffy tumor.- Intracochlear schwannoma.- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis.- Carotid stenosis.- Carotid dissection.- Ménière’s disease.- Invasive fungal sinusitis.- Prevertebral abscess.- Michel aplasia and type 1 partial cochlear partition.- Carotid web.- Castleman’s disease.- Labyrinthitis ossificans.

Eugene Yu MD, FRCPC is a neuroradiologist who subspecializes in head and neck imaging at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto. He is Professor in the Departments of Medical Imaging and Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Dr Yu obtained his medical school degree, radiology residency and neuroradiology fellowship at the University of Toronto. He is former site director for both the Neuroradiology Fellowship and the Radiology Residency Programs at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto and former clinical lead of head and neck imaging at the University Health Network. He has published over 100 articles mostly focussed on head and neck radiology in various peer review journals. He is the co-author of “Skull Base Cancer Imaging” (2018) Thieme Editor, Emergency Imaging: Rad Cases. (2014) Thieme Editor and Introductory Head and Neck Imaging. (2014). Jaypee Brothers Editor. He is contributor of at least 20 books focused on Head and neck imaging and cancer imaging. Dr. Yu has served on the executive board of the North American Skull Base Society. He has been an invited visiting professor at different Universities including University of Chicago and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He served as an Associate Editor of the journal Head & Neck. He is a current reviewer for peer review journals like Radiology, Clinical imaging, JAMA Otolaryngology, Journal of Neurological Surgery – Skull Base and Neuroradiology.Ammar Haouimi MD, DIS, DURP, DUCT, EDUS is a consultant radiologist at Aurès Imaging center at Batna, Algeria. He got his training from University of Bordeaux II. He was the head of the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Ohud Hospital and Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital (MMCH), Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Currently he is one of the editors of the biggest online open-source teaching radiology website “Radiopaedia.org” where he published more than 2600 cases and contributed to more than 860 articles. He authored eight books on different Radiology subspeciality including co-author of Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Z.H. Choudhuri MD, DIS, DUNR, DUMRI, DUEG is a staff neuroradiologist and former chief of Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging at Edmundston Regional Hospital, NB, Canada. He got his Neuroradiology training under mentorship of Prof. Dominique Doyon and Prof. Pierre Lasjaunias at Hôpital Bicêtre, University of Sorbonne, (Paris V). He completed his fellowship in Maxillo-facial Radiology from University of Paris Sud. Previously he served as Senior Consultant at King Fahd Hospital in Medinah, Saudi Arabia. He has extensive teaching experience and has trained many residents both at home and abroad. He is the co-author of “Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis” (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Rukhsana Begum MD, DIS, DUEG is a staff radiologist and former chief of Radiology and Medical Imaging at Edmundston Regional Hospital, NB, Canada. She specialised from University of Sorbonne (Paris V) and worked at Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpital Avicenne, Necker–Enfants Malades and Hôpital Robert Debré in Paris. She was head of the department of Radiology and Imaging at Maternity and Children Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. She has extensive teaching experience, particularly in Pediatric Neuroradiology. She is the coauthor of “Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis” (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Chelia Boukaaba MD is a consultant radiologist at Aurès Imaging center at Batna, Algeria. She specialised from University of Constantine, Algeria. Currently she is the head of the women’s imaging department. She contributed to three books published by Dr. Ammar Haouimi.

• Fronto-orbial lymphatic malformation.- Rentinal detachment.- Plexiform neurofibroma.- Petrous apex cholesterol granuloma.- Foramen magnum meningioma.- Malignant otitis externa with sigmoid sinus thrombosis.- Orbital dermoid cyst.- Optic pathway glioma.- Optic neuritis.- Optic nerve sheath meningioma.- Nasal glioma.- Bilateral carotid body paraganglioma.- Ameloblastoma.- Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland.- Glomus vagal paraganglioma.- Lingual thyroglossal duct cyst.- Brachial plexitis.- Odontogenic keratogenic cyst.- Lingual abscess.- Infected second branchial cleft cyst.- Tornwaldt cyst.- Sjogren syndrome.- Cutis verticis gyrata or buldog scalp syndrome.- Esthesioneuroblastoma.- Choroidal melanoma.- Cavernous meningioma.- Optic nerve sheath meningioma.- Venous vascular malformation.- Lingual hemangioma.- Cystic lymphangioma.- Pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome.- Widal syndrome.- Inverted papilloma.- CPA lipoma.- Trans-glottic squamous cell carcinoma of larynx.- Vagal schwannoma.- Peritonsillar abscess.- Plunging ranula.- Antrochanal polyp or Killian polyp.- Endolymphatic sac tumor.- Nasopalatine duct cyst.- Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.- Facial infantile hemangioma.- Carotidynia.- Labyrinthitis with vestibular neuronitis.- Dentigerous cyst.- Optic disk melanocytoma.- Otomastoiditis with retroauricular subperiosteal abscess.- Soft tissue lipoma of neck.- Allergic fungal sinusitis.- Jugular foramen meningioma.- Ectopic thymus within thyroid gland.- Pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland.- Parotid liposubstitution.- Maxillary mucocele.- Mandibular osteoma.- Nasal pyogenic granuloma gravidarum.- Epigolttic cyst.- Ectopic tooth in infratemporal space.- Hemangiolipoma.- Naso-labial cyst or Klestadt cyst.- Orbital MALT lymphoma.- Myositis orbital pseudo-tumor.- Oro-antral fistula.- Optic disc drusen.- Odontogenic cutaneous fistula.- Kissing carotids.- Nasopharyngeal Burkitt lymphoma.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland.- Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue of neck.- Senile calcific scleral plaques.- Intraocular foreign body.- Infected gosypiboma of neck.- IAC exostosis.- Unilateral masticator muscles hypertrophy.- Atrophic rhinitis.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus.- Odontogenic fibromyxoma of the maxilla.- Bilateral anophthalmia.- Choanal atresia.- Infantile scalp hemangioma.- Choroidal hemangioma.- Hemangioma of buccal space.- Intramuscular hemangioma of masseter muscle.- Sphenochoanal polyp.- Sialolithiasis with chronic sialadenitis of parotid gland.- Schneiderian papilloma.- Infected dacrycystocele.- Ectopic intra-maxillary molar tooth with chronic maxillary sinusitis.- Calvarial hemangioma.- Pseudo-meningocele.- Peripheral osteoma of hard palate.- Supraorbital white epidermoid cyst.- Orbital blow-out fracture or trap door fracture.- Ossification of external ear.- Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland.- Plummer-vinson syndrome.- Retention cyst of fossa of Rosenmuller.- Petrous apicitis.- Parotid lipoma.- Intradiploiuc epidermoid cyst.- Graves’s disease.- Accessory parotid gland.- Adenoid stone with hypertrophied adenoid tonsils.- Substernal goiter.- EAC cholesteatoma.- Bilateral ectopic lentis.- Nasal septum perforation.- Orbital infection or panophthalmitis.- Frontal mucocele.- Dacryocystocele.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of submandibular gland.- CSF rhinorrhea.- Facial myxofibrosarcoma.- Osteoma of the cranial vault or button osteoma.- Vocal cord paralysis.- Mandibular schwannoma.- Chordoma.- Klippel-Feil syndrome.- Brachial plexus schwannoma.- Facial nerve schwannoma.- Cervical spondylodiscitis.- Solitary bone plasmocytoma.- Petrous bone dermoid cyst.- Meckel’s cave meningioma.- Orbital epidermoid cyst.- Cystic lymphangioma of parotid gland.- Cholesteatoma.- Warthin tumor.- Eagle syndrome.- Chronic parototis.- Bukitt lymphoma.- Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue.- Phthisis bulbi.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus.- Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.- Submental lipoma.- Facial neuritis.- Parapharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma.- Parotid lymphoepithelial cyst.- Dacryops or lacrimal gland duct cyst.- Non Hodgkin lymphoma (non MALT) of parotid gland.- Pilomatricoma.- Cervical schwannoma.- Acute labyrinthitis.- Persistent hyperplasia primary vitreous.- Epidermoid cyst of mandible.- Infected first branchial cleft cyst.- Calcified meningioma of cervical spine.- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.- Bilateral carotid artery fibromuscular dysplasia.- Cavernous sinus meningioma.- Multiple myeloma with large skull plasmocytoma.- Tuberculum sellae meningioma.- Zenker diverticulum.- Trigeminal schwannoma.- Metastatic breast cancer.- Lipoma of the mouth floor.- Sphenoid wing meningioma.- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.- Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.- Retropharyngeal abscess.- CPA metastases.- Otosclerosis fenestral and retrofenestral.- Skull and meningeal metastases.- Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.- Optic nerve glioma.- Vestibular schwannoma.- CPA meningioma.- Olfactory groove meningioma.- Sphenoid wing chondrosarcoma.- Labyrinthitis ossificans.- Temporal bone fracture with incudo-malleolar dislocation.- CPA arachnoid cyst.- Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.- Caritido-cavernous fistula.- Neurovascular compression syndrome.- CPA epidermoid cyst.- Hyothalamic cavernoma.- Foramen magnum hemangiopericytoma.- Chronic mandibular osteomyelitis.- Lteral mixed laryngocele.- Palatine tonsil carcinoma with metastatic lymphadenopathy.- Cholesteatoma with labyrinthine fistula.- Pearl cholesteatoma.- Dehiscent superior semicircular canal.- Retinoblastoma.- Tympanic paraganglioma.- Papillary thyroid cancer.- Pott’s puffy tumor.- Intracochlear schwannoma.- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis.- Carotid stenosis.- Carotid dissection.- Ménière’s disease.- Invasive fungal sinusitis.- Prevertebral abscess.- Michel aplasia and type 1 partial cochlear partition.- Carotid web.- Castleman’s disease.- Labyrinthitis ossificans.

Eugene Yu MD, FRCPC is a neuroradiologist who subspecializes in head and neck imaging at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto. He is Professor in the Departments of Medical Imaging and Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Dr Yu obtained his medical school degree, radiology residency and neuroradiology fellowship at the University of Toronto. He is former site director for both the Neuroradiology Fellowship and the Radiology Residency Programs at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto and former clinical lead of head and neck imaging at the University Health Network. He has published over 100 articles mostly focussed on head and neck radiology in various peer review journals. He is the co-author of “Skull Base Cancer Imaging” (2018) Thieme Editor, Emergency Imaging: Rad Cases. (2014) Thieme Editor and Introductory Head and Neck Imaging. (2014). Jaypee Brothers Editor. He is contributor of at least 20 books focused on Head and neck imaging and cancer imaging. Dr. Yu has served on the executive board of the North American Skull Base Society. He has been an invited visiting professor at different Universities including University of Chicago and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He served as an Associate Editor of the journal Head & Neck. He is a current reviewer for peer review journals like Radiology, Clinical imaging, JAMA Otolaryngology, Journal of Neurological Surgery – Skull Base and Neuroradiology.Ammar Haouimi MD, DIS, DURP, DUCT, EDUS is a consultant radiologist at Aurès Imaging center at Batna, Algeria. He got his training from University of Bordeaux II. He was the head of the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Ohud Hospital and Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital (MMCH), Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Currently he is one of the editors of the biggest online open-source teaching radiology website “Radiopaedia.org” where he published more than 2600 cases and contributed to more than 860 articles. He authored eight books on different Radiology subspeciality including co-author of Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Z.H. Choudhuri MD, DIS, DUNR, DUMRI, DUEG is a staff neuroradiologist and former chief of Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging at Edmundston Regional Hospital, NB, Canada. He got his Neuroradiology training under mentorship of Prof. Dominique Doyon and Prof. Pierre Lasjaunias at Hôpital Bicêtre, University of Sorbonne, (Paris V). He completed his fellowship in Maxillo-facial Radiology from University of Paris Sud. Previously he served as Senior Consultant at King Fahd Hospital in Medinah, Saudi Arabia. He has extensive teaching experience and has trained many residents both at home and abroad. He is the co-author of “Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis” (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Rukhsana Begum MD, DIS, DUEG is a staff radiologist and former chief of Radiology and Medical Imaging at Edmundston Regional Hospital, NB, Canada. She specialised from University of Sorbonne (Paris V) and worked at Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpital Avicenne, Necker–Enfants Malades and Hôpital Robert Debré in Paris. She was head of the department of Radiology and Imaging at Maternity and Children Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. She has extensive teaching experience, particularly in Pediatric Neuroradiology. She is the coauthor of “Neuroradiology Spot Diagnosis” (2025) Cambridge Scholars Publishers Editor.Chelia Boukaaba MD is a consultant radiologist at Aurès Imaging center at Batna, Algeria. She specialised from University of Constantine, Algeria. Currently she is the head of the women’s imaging department. She contributed to three books published by Dr. Ammar Haouimi.

• Fronto-orbial lymphatic malformation.- Rentinal detachment.- Plexiform neurofibroma.- Petrous apex cholesterol granuloma.- Foramen magnum meningioma.- Malignant otitis externa with sigmoid sinus thrombosis.- Orbital dermoid cyst.- Optic pathway glioma.- Optic neuritis.- Optic nerve sheath meningioma.- Nasal glioma.- Bilateral carotid body paraganglioma.- Ameloblastoma.- Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland.- Glomus vagal paraganglioma.- Lingual thyroglossal duct cyst.- Brachial plexitis.- Odontogenic keratogenic cyst.- Lingual abscess.- Infected second branchial cleft cyst.- Tornwaldt cyst.- Sjogren syndrome.- Cutis verticis gyrata or buldog scalp syndrome.- Esthesioneuroblastoma.- Choroidal melanoma.- Cavernous meningioma.- Optic nerve sheath meningioma.- Venous vascular malformation.- Lingual hemangioma.- Cystic lymphangioma.- Pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome.- Widal syndrome.- Inverted papilloma.- CPA lipoma.- Trans-glottic squamous cell carcinoma of larynx.- Vagal schwannoma.- Peritonsillar abscess.- Plunging ranula.- Antrochanal polyp or Killian polyp.- Endolymphatic sac tumor.- Nasopalatine duct cyst.- Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.- Facial infantile hemangioma.- Carotidynia.- Labyrinthitis with vestibular neuronitis.- Dentigerous cyst.- Optic disk melanocytoma.- Otomastoiditis with retroauricular subperiosteal abscess.- Soft tissue lipoma of neck.- Allergic fungal sinusitis.- Jugular foramen meningioma.- Ectopic thymus within thyroid gland.- Pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland.- Parotid liposubstitution.- Maxillary mucocele.- Mandibular osteoma.- Nasal pyogenic granuloma gravidarum.- Epigolttic cyst.- Ectopic tooth in infratemporal space.- Hemangiolipoma.- Naso-labial cyst or Klestadt cyst.- Orbital MALT lymphoma.- Myositis orbital pseudo-tumor.- Oro-antral fistula.- Optic disc drusen.- Odontogenic cutaneous fistula.- Kissing carotids.- Nasopharyngeal Burkitt lymphoma.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland.- Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue of neck.- Senile calcific scleral plaques.- Intraocular foreign body.- Infected gosypiboma of neck.- IAC exostosis.- Unilateral masticator muscles hypertrophy.- Atrophic rhinitis.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus.- Odontogenic fibromyxoma of the maxilla.- Bilateral anophthalmia.- Choanal atresia.- Infantile scalp hemangioma.- Choroidal hemangioma.- Hemangioma of buccal space.- Intramuscular hemangioma of masseter muscle.- Sphenochoanal polyp.- Sialolithiasis with chronic sialadenitis of parotid gland.- Schneiderian papilloma.- Infected dacrycystocele.- Ectopic intra-maxillary molar tooth with chronic maxillary sinusitis.- Calvarial hemangioma.- Pseudo-meningocele.- Peripheral osteoma of hard palate.- Supraorbital white epidermoid cyst.- Orbital blow-out fracture or trap door fracture.- Ossification of external ear.- Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland.- Plummer-vinson syndrome.- Retention cyst of fossa of Rosenmuller.- Petrous apicitis.- Parotid lipoma.- Intradiploiuc epidermoid cyst.- Graves’s disease.- Accessory parotid gland.- Adenoid stone with hypertrophied adenoid tonsils.- Substernal goiter.- EAC cholesteatoma.- Bilateral ectopic lentis.- Nasal septum perforation.- Orbital infection or panophthalmitis.- Frontal mucocele.- Dacryocystocele.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of submandibular gland.- CSF rhinorrhea.- Facial myxofibrosarcoma.- Osteoma of the cranial vault or button osteoma.- Vocal cord paralysis.- Mandibular schwannoma.- Chordoma.- Klippel-Feil syndrome.- Brachial plexus schwannoma.- Facial nerve schwannoma.- Cervical spondylodiscitis.- Solitary bone plasmocytoma.- Petrous bone dermoid cyst.- Meckel’s cave meningioma.- Orbital epidermoid cyst.- Cystic lymphangioma of parotid gland.- Cholesteatoma.- Warthin tumor.- Eagle syndrome.- Chronic parototis.- Bukitt lymphoma.- Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue.- Phthisis bulbi.- Adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus.- Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.- Submental lipoma.- Facial neuritis.- Parapharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma.- Parotid lymphoepithelial cyst.- Dacryops or lacrimal gland duct cyst.- Non Hodgkin lymphoma (non MALT) of parotid gland.- Pilomatricoma.- Cervical schwannoma.- Acute labyrinthitis.- Persistent hyperplasia primary vitreous.- Epidermoid cyst of mandible.- Infected first branchial cleft cyst.- Calcified meningioma of cervical spine.- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.- Bilateral carotid artery fibromuscular dysplasia.- Cavernous sinus meningioma.- Multiple myeloma with large skull plasmocytoma.- Tuberculum sellae meningioma.- Zenker diverticulum.- Trigeminal schwannoma.- Metastatic breast cancer.- Lipoma of the mouth floor.- Sphenoid wing meningioma.- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.- Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.- Retropharyngeal abscess.- CPA metastases.- Otosclerosis fenestral and retrofenestral.- Skull and meningeal metastases.- Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.- Optic nerve glioma.- Vestibular schwannoma.- CPA meningioma.- Olfactory groove meningioma.- Sphenoid wing chondrosarcoma.- Labyrinthitis ossificans.- Temporal bone fracture with incudo-malleolar dislocation.- CPA arachnoid cyst.- Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.- Caritido-cavernous fistula.- Neurovascular compression syndrome.- CPA epidermoid cyst.- Hyothalamic cavernoma.- Foramen magnum hemangiopericytoma.- Chronic mandibular osteomyelitis.- Lteral mixed laryngocele.- Palatine tonsil carcinoma with metastatic lymphadenopathy.- Cholesteatoma with labyrinthine fistula.- Pearl cholesteatoma.- Dehiscent superior semicircular canal.- Retinoblastoma.- Tympanic paraganglioma.- Papillary thyroid cancer.- Pott’s puffy tumor.- Intracochlear schwannoma.- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis.- Carotid stenosis.- Carotid dissection.- Ménière’s disease.- Invasive fungal sinusitis.- Prevertebral abscess.- Michel aplasia and type 1 partial cochlear partition.- Carotid web.- Castleman’s disease.- Labyrinthitis ossificans.