PAUL IGANSKI, Ph.D. is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the Lancaster University Law School, UK, and a member of the ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science at Lancaster. For a decade-and-a-half he has specialized in research, writing, teaching, and public engagement about hate crime. His books include Hate Crime and the City, Hate Crimes Against London’s Jews, and the edited volumes Hate Crime: The Consequences of Hate Crime, and The Hate Debate. He mostly conducts his research in collaboration with, or commissioned by, NGOs and the equalities sector in the UK and internationally. At Lancaster University he teaches courses on criminological perspectives on violence, and hate crime, human rights and the State.JACK LEVIN, Ph.D. is an Emeritus Professor of Sociology and Criminology and Co-director of the Brudnick Center on Violence and Conflict at Northeastern University, where he teaches courses in the sociology of violence and hate. Levin has authored or co-authored more than 30 books, including Why We Hate, Hate Crimes: The Rising Tide of Bigotry and Bloodshed, and The Violence of Hate. Dr Levin was honored by the Massachusetts Council for Advancement and Support of Education as its "Professor of the Year" and by the American Sociological Association for his contributions to the public understanding of sociology. He has also received awards from the Eastern Sociological Society, Association of Clinical and Applied Sociology, and Society for the Study of Social Problems.

• 1. Religious hatred 2. Racial, ethnic, and xenophobic violence 3. Antigay violence 4. Disablist violence 5. Violence against women 6. The brutality of hate 7. A typology of the motives of hate crime offenders 8. Hate violence and emotion 9. The power of interdependence

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