Handbook on the Politics and Governance of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence

Edited by Andrej Zwitter, Chair of Governance and Innovation,Campus Fryslân and Oskar J. Gstrein, Deputy Department Head Governance and Innovation, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, the Netherlands

• Contents:Foreword xiiiPART I INTRODUCTIONIntroduction to the Handbook on the Politics and Governance of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence 2Andrej Zwitter and Oskar J. GstreinPART II CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVES 1 Can AI governance be progressive? Group interests, group privacy and abnormal justice 19 Linnet Taylor 2 Big Data and the humanitarian sector: emerging trends and persistent challenges 41 Susanne Schmuck, Andrej Zwitter and Oskar J. Gstrein 3 Digital twins: potentials, ethical issues and limitations 64 Dirk Helbing and Javier Argota Sánchez-Vaquerizo 4 Governing Digital Twin technology for smart and sustainable tourism: a case study in applying a documentation framework for architecture decisions 105 Eko Rahmadian, Daniel Feitosa and Andrej ZwitterPART III PRINCIPLE-BASED APPROACHES TO THE GOVERNANCE OF BIG DATA AND AI 5 Digital transitional justice: unpacking the black box 139 Christopher K. Lamont and Medlir Mema 6 Autonomous weaponry and IR theory: conflict and cooperation in the age of AI 167 Amelia Hadfield and Alex Leveringhaus7 Understanding emergent technology, instability and power in international political economy 188 Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn 8 Governance of AI and gender: building on International Human Rights Law and relevant regional frameworks 211 Elizabeth Coombs and Halefom AbrahaPART IV SECTORAL APPROACHES TO THE GOVERNANCE OF BIG DATA AND AI 9 Better technological security solutions through human-centred design and development 245 Andrew B. Wootton, Caroline L. Davey, Dagmar Heinrich and Maximilian Querbach10 On the governance of privacy-preserving systems for the web: should Privacy Sandbox be governed? 279 Lukasz Olejnik11 Experiments with facial recognition technologies in public spaces: in search of an EU governance framework 315 Catherine Jasserand12 Big Data, AI and health data: between national, European, and international legal frameworks 358 Nikolaus Forgó, Emily Johnson, Iana Kazeeva and Elisabeth Steindl13 Governing the ‘datafied’ school: bridging the divergence between universal education and student autonomy 395 Theresa Henne and Oskar J. GstreinPART V AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS, RIGHTS AND DUTIES14 Artificial Intelligence and international human rights law: implications for humans and technology in the 21st century and beyond 430 Joshua C. Gellers and David J. Gunkel15 Challenges posed by autonomous systems to liability regimes: finding a balance 456 Nynke E. Vellinga16 Autonomous Weapons Systems in warfare: is Meaningful Human Control enough? 476 Taís Fernanda BlauthIndex 504

‘Zwitter and Gstrein have astutely brought together an impressive collection of chapters that address key themes in the politics and governance of AI and big data. From social justice and gender to privacy and rights, the Handbook provides a solid introduction to key debates and their implications for societies.’