Handbook of the Circular Economy

Edited by Miguel Brandão, Associate Professor of Industrial Ecology and Life Cycle Assessment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, David Lazarevic, Senior Research Scientist, Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Finland and Göran Finnveden, Professor of Environmental Strategic Analysis, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED) and Vice-President for Sustainable Development, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

• Contents:Foreword by Janez Potocnik and Julia Okatz xv1 Introduction and overview 1Miguel Brandão, David Lazarevic and Göran FinnvedenPART I FUNDAMENTALS OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY2 The circular economy: a strategy to reconcile economic and environmentalobjectives?8David Lazarevic and Miguel Brandão3 The circular economy as a complex adaptive system 28Jouni Korhonen4 The role of design as a barrier to and enabler of the circular economy 39Deborah Andrews5 Industrial symbiosis networks: application of the circular economy forresource efficiency 50Michael Martin6 Product service systems: business models towards a circular economy 61Sofia Lingegård7 Consumers in the circular economy 74Juana Camacho-Otero, Vivian S.C. Tunn, Lucy Chamberlin and Casper BoksPART II ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF A CIRCULAR ECONOMY8 Material flow analysis of recycling systems 89Sarah Schmidt and David Laner9 An element flow analysis approach to support the circular economy 99Rajib Sinha, Rafael Laurenti, Jagdeep Singh and Björn M. Frostell10 Modelling material recycling in life cycle assessment: how sensitive are resultsto the available methods? 116Tomas Ekvall and Miguel Brandão11 Environmental economic assessment of novel circular economy andbioeconomy technologies 137Mikael Skou Andersen and Louise Martinsen12 Integrated sustainability assessment of a circular economy 147Kristian Skånberg, Anders Wijkman, Mårten Berglund, Göran Finnveden andMiguel Brandão13 Sex, drugs and the circular economy: the social impacts of the circulareconomy and how to measure them 162Kati Pitkänen, Tiina Kaisa Maria Karppinen, Petrus Kautto, Sara Turunen,Jachym Judl and Tuuli Myllymaa14 Why and how actors and organizations need to be integrated into asystems-level monitoring for a sustainable circular economy 176Dominik Wiedenhofer, Stefan Pauliuk, Andreas Mayer, Doris Virág andWilli Haas15 Circular economy rebound 194Jason Maier, Roland Geyer and Trevor ZinkPART III GOVERNING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY16 Between a policy mix and a policy mess: policy instruments andinstrumentation for the circular economy 207Petrus Kautto and David Lazarevic17 The missing link: regulating waste-based materials in the circular economy 224Topi Turunen18 Building ecologies of circular intermediaries 235Jack Barrie and Wisdom Kanda19 Transforming business models: towards a sufficiency-based circulareconomy 250Nancy M.P. Bocken and Samuel W. Short20 Putting circular ambitions into action: the case of Accus, a small Swedishsign company 266Hervé Corvellec, Maira Babri and Herman I. Stål21 From waste management to natural capital management in the circulareconomy 278Graham Aid and David Lazarevic22 Refurbishing the ‘circular economy’ concept in Russia: from industrialpolicy towards innovation by co-creation 293Darya Gerasimenko, Ekaterina Markelova and Raisa Momot23 The circular economy at the heart of French sustainable public policies:what are the consequences? 307Nicolas Buclet24 How Portugal is applying the circular challenge 315Carlos Borrego, Sandra Rafael, Sílvia Coelho, Bruno Augusto, Afonso Silva,Johnny Reis, Ana Isabel Miranda and Myriam LopesPART IV SECTORAL AND BUSINESS CASE STUDIES25 What circular economy measures fit what kind of product? 327Anne-Marie Tillman, Siri Willskytt, Daniel Böckin, Hampus André andMaria Ljunggren Söderman26 Circular manufacturing systems 343Amir Rashid, Malvina Roci and Farazee M.A. Asif27 The circular nutrient economy: needs and potentials of nutrient recycling 358Helena Valve, Petri Ekholm and Sari Luostarinen28 Understanding forest-based value creation in a regional context 369Antje Klitkou29 Bioenergy in the circular economy 382Annette Cowie30 Do bioenergy, bioeconomy and circular economy systems mitigate climatechange? Insights from life cycle assessment 396Miguel Brandão31 Straw wars – a consequential saga: the life cycle climate changeconsequences of replacing plastic with paper 410Simon Hoge and Miguel Brandão32 Circularity in the built environment: a call for a paradigm shift 425Tove Malmqvist, Alice Moncaster, Freja Rasmussen and Harpa Birgisdóttir33 Implementation of a circular economy at universities 439Joan Manuel F. Mendoza, Alejandro Gallego-Schmid and Adisa Azapagic34 A life cycle perspective on the environmental aspects of complex, emergingresource recovery systems: the case of bauxite residue 452P. James Joyce and Anna Björklund35 Urban mining: on the potential and multifaceted challenges of facilitatingrecycling of wire-based city infrastructure 465Joakim Krook, Björn Wallsten, Niclas Svensson and Stefan AnderbergPART V PROSPECTS36 Beyond the consumer: enlarging the role of the citizen in the circulareconomy 479Kersty Hobson37 Managing the transition to the circular economy 491Patrizia Ghisellini and Sergio Ulgiati38 Prospects for the circular economy and conclusions 505Miguel Brandão, David Lazarevic and Göran FinnvedenIndex 515

'In the present tsunami of new publications on the circular economy, this book sticks out through the broad analysis with regard to topics and regions covered by case studies. Let us hope that the book will motivate managers, policy-makers, educators, material scientists and economists to look at the present slowdown as a facilitator to change course towards a more sustainable and resilient society, towards a circular economy.'