Handbook of Sea-Level Research

Professor Ian Shennan, also from the Department of Geography of Durham University, UK undertakes research on sea-level change, earthquakes and tsunami and the development of relevant scientific approaches and techniques.Professor Antony J Long, from the Department of Geography of Durham University, UK is a sea-level scientist with a particular interest in reconstructing past sea-level change from polar regions.Dr Ben Horton is a Professor at the Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences of Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA. He aims to understand and integrate the external and internal mechanisms that have determined sea-level changes in the past, and which will shape such changes in the future.All three have conducted field-based research in diverse environments, from the tropics to high latitudes, much with the backing of the major research agencies in the UK, Europe and the USA as well as commercial and government stakeholders.

• List of Contributors viiPreface xiAbout the Companion Website xiii1. Introduction 1Ian Shennan, Antony J. Long, and Benjamin P. Horton2. Handbook of sea-level research: framing research questions 3Ian ShennanPart 1: Field techniques for sea-level reconstruction3. Pre-fieldwork surveys 29Robert C. Witter4. Coastal sediments 47Alan R. Nelson5. Geomorphological indicators of past sea levels 66Harvey M. Kelsey6. Coastal caves and sinkholes 83Peter J. van Hengstum, David A. Richards, Bogdan P. Onac, and Jeffrey A. Dorale7. Coral reefs 104Yusuke Yokoyama and Tezer M. Esat8. Coral microatolls 125Aron J. Meltzner and Colin D. Woodroffe9. Archeological and biological relative sea-level indicators 146Christophe Morhange and Nick Marriner10. GPS and surveying 157James FosterPart 2: Laboratory techniques12. Techniques and applications of plant macrofossil analysis in sea-level studies 183Martyn Waller13. Foraminifera 191Robin Edwards and Alex Wright14. Pollen and spores of terrestrial plants 218Christopher E. Bernhardt and Debra A. Willard15. Diatoms 233Yongqiang Zong and Yuki Sawai16. Ostracods and sea level 249Thomas M. Cronin17. Mollusca 258Jessica E. Pilarczyk and Donald C. Barber18. Fixed biological indicators 268Alessio Rovere, Fabrizio Antonioli, and Carlo Nike Bianchi19. Testate amoebae 281Dan J. Charman20. Stable carbon isotope and C/N geochemistry of coastal wetland sediments as a sea-level indicator 295Nicole S. Khan, Christopher H. Vane, and Benjamin P. Horton21. Loss on ignition and organic content 312Andrew J. Plater, Jason R. Kirby, John F. Boyle, Timothy Shaw, and Hayley Mills22. Grain size analysis 331Adam D. Switzer and Jeremy Pile30. Compaction 452Matthew J. BrainPart 3: Dating methods23. Radiocarbon dating and calibration 349Torbjörn E. Törnqvist, Brad E. Rosenheim, Ping Hu, and Alvaro B. Fernandez24. 210 Lead and 137 Cesium: establishing a chronology for the last century 361D. Reide Corbett and J.P. Walsh25. Chronohorizons: indirect and unique event dating methods for sea-level reconstructions 373Wil Marshall26. Uranium-thorium dating 386Andrea Dutton27. The application of luminescence dating in sea-level studies 404Mark D. BatemanPart 4: Modeling28. Glacial isostatic adjustment 421Glenn A. Milne29. Tidal modeling 438Stephen D. Griffiths and David F. Hill31. Transfer functions 470Andrew C. Kemp and Richard J. Telford32. Using chronological models in late Holocene sea-level reconstructions from saltmarsh sediments 500Andrew C. Parnell and W. Roland Gehrels33. Paleogeography 514Geert-Jan Vis, Kim M. Cohen, Wim E. Westerhoff, Johan H. Ten Veen, Marc P. Hijma, Ad J.F. van der Spek, and Peter C. Vos34. A protocol for a geological sea-level database 536Marc P. Hijma, Simon E. Engelhart, Torbjörn E. Törnqvist, Benjamin P. Horton, Ping Hu, and David F. HillPart 5: Direct measurements35. Sea-level measurements from tide gauges 557Philip L. Woodworth, David T. Pugh, and Andrew J. PlaterIndex 575