Edited by Martino Maggetti, Professor of Political Science, Institute of Political Studies (IEP), University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Fabrizio Di Mascio, Professor of Political Science, University of Torino and Alessandro Natalini, Full Professor of Political Science, Lumsa University of Rome, Italy

• Contents:Preface xiiAcknowledgements xiii1 Introduction to the Handbook of Regulatory Authorities 1Martino Maggetti, Fabrizio Di Mascio and Alessandro NataliniPART I REGIONS2 Tracing the development of U.S. independent regulators 10Christopher Carrigan and Mark Febrizio3 Independent regulators in Europe 27David Coen and Andrew Tarrant4 Independent regulatory agencies in Latin America 43Andrés Pavón Mediano and Camilo Ignacio González5 Independent regulators in the Middle East 60Ahmed Badran6 The age of regulatory agencies: tracking differences and similaritiesover countries and sectors 78Xavier Fernández-i-Marín, Jacint Jordana and David Levi-FaurPART II SECTORS AND TYPES7 Central banks 95Clément Fontan and Antoine de Cabanes8 Competition authorities 112Mattia Guidi9 Data protection authorities under the EU General Data ProtectionRegulation – a new global benchmark 127Philip Schütz10 Agencies regulating network services 145Matthias Finger11 Agencies regulating risks 160Lorenzo Allio and Nicoletta Rangone12 Anticorruption authorities 176Fabrizio Di Mascio, Martino Maggetti and Alessandro NataliniPART III CONCEPTUAL ISSUES13 Political control of regulatory authorities 192Jennifer L. Selin14 Regulatory independence and the quality of regulation 210Christel Koop and Jacint Jordana15 Independent regulators in the post-delegation stage 226Martino MaggettiPART IV REPUTATION, PERFORMANCE AND CONTROL16 Reputation and independent regulatory agencies 240Martin Lodge and Kai Wegrich17 Accountability and regulatory authorities 254Sjors Overman, Thomas Schillemans and Machiel van der Heijden18 Taking stock: strategic communication by regulatory agencies as a formof reputation management 272Moshe Maor19 Managing the performance of regulatory agencies 284Cary Coglianese20 Better regulation in the European Union 302Claire A. Dunlop and Claudio M. Radaelli21 Better regulation in the United States 313Susan Dudley and Jerry Ellig22 Judicial review of agency action in Europe 330Stéphanie De Somer, Ute Lettanie and Patricia Popelier23 Judicial review of agency action in the United States 345Richard MurphyPART V BEYOND REGULATION24 Agency capture 361Justin Rex25 Regulatory agencies and agenda-setting: state of the art and new ways forward 378Edoardo Guaschino26 Enforcement 393Miroslava Scholten27 EU regulatory agencies 409Emmanuelle Mathieu28 European regulatory networks: foundations and foresights 424Machiel van der Heijden and Kutsal Yesilkagit29 Innovation and regulatory agencies 440Cristie Ford30 Behavioural insights and regulatory authorities 456Kai Wegrich and Martin Lodge31 AI algorithmic oversight: new frontiers in regulation 469Madalina Busuioc32 Expertise and regulatory agencies 486Dovilė RimkutėIndex

‘Regulatory authorities are as important as they are misunderstood. This volume is essential reading for scholars and practitioners interested in how these organizations operate and how they shape public policy.’

Edited by Martino Maggetti, Professor of Political Science, Institute of Political Studies (IEP), University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Fabrizio Di Mascio, Professor of Political Science, University of Torino and Alessandro Natalini, Full Professor of Political Science, Lumsa University of Rome, Italy

• Contents:Preface xiiAcknowledgements xiii1 Introduction to the Handbook of Regulatory Authorities 1Martino Maggetti, Fabrizio Di Mascio and Alessandro NataliniPART I REGIONS2 Tracing the development of U.S. independent regulators 10Christopher Carrigan and Mark Febrizio3 Independent regulators in Europe 27David Coen and Andrew Tarrant4 Independent regulatory agencies in Latin America 43Andrés Pavón Mediano and Camilo Ignacio González5 Independent regulators in the Middle East 60Ahmed Badran6 The age of regulatory agencies: tracking differences and similaritiesover countries and sectors 78Xavier Fernández-i-Marín, Jacint Jordana and David Levi-FaurPART II SECTORS AND TYPES7 Central banks 95Clément Fontan and Antoine de Cabanes8 Competition authorities 112Mattia Guidi9 Data protection authorities under the EU General Data ProtectionRegulation – a new global benchmark 127Philip Schütz10 Agencies regulating network services 145Matthias Finger11 Agencies regulating risks 160Lorenzo Allio and Nicoletta Rangone12 Anticorruption authorities 176Fabrizio Di Mascio, Martino Maggetti and Alessandro NataliniPART III CONCEPTUAL ISSUES13 Political control of regulatory authorities 192Jennifer L. Selin14 Regulatory independence and the quality of regulation 210Christel Koop and Jacint Jordana15 Independent regulators in the post-delegation stage 226Martino MaggettiPART IV REPUTATION, PERFORMANCE AND CONTROL16 Reputation and independent regulatory agencies 240Martin Lodge and Kai Wegrich17 Accountability and regulatory authorities 254Sjors Overman, Thomas Schillemans and Machiel van der Heijden18 Taking stock: strategic communication by regulatory agencies as a formof reputation management 272Moshe Maor19 Managing the performance of regulatory agencies 284Cary Coglianese20 Better regulation in the European Union 302Claire A. Dunlop and Claudio M. Radaelli21 Better regulation in the United States 313Susan Dudley and Jerry Ellig22 Judicial review of agency action in Europe 330Stéphanie De Somer, Ute Lettanie and Patricia Popelier23 Judicial review of agency action in the United States 345Richard MurphyPART V BEYOND REGULATION24 Agency capture 361Justin Rex25 Regulatory agencies and agenda-setting: state of the art and new ways forward 378Edoardo Guaschino26 Enforcement 393Miroslava Scholten27 EU regulatory agencies 409Emmanuelle Mathieu28 European regulatory networks: foundations and foresights 424Machiel van der Heijden and Kutsal Yesilkagit29 Innovation and regulatory agencies 440Cristie Ford30 Behavioural insights and regulatory authorities 456Kai Wegrich and Martin Lodge31 AI algorithmic oversight: new frontiers in regulation 469Madalina Busuioc32 Expertise and regulatory agencies 486Dovilė RimkutėIndex

‘Regulatory authorities are as important as they are misunderstood. This volume is essential reading for scholars and practitioners interested in how these organizations operate and how they shape public policy.’

Edited by Martino Maggetti, Professor of Political Science, Institute of Political Studies (IEP), University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Fabrizio Di Mascio, Professor of Political Science, University of Torino and Alessandro Natalini, Full Professor of Political Science, Lumsa University of Rome, Italy

• Contents:Preface xiiAcknowledgements xiii1 Introduction to the Handbook of Regulatory Authorities 1Martino Maggetti, Fabrizio Di Mascio and Alessandro NataliniPART I REGIONS2 Tracing the development of U.S. independent regulators 10Christopher Carrigan and Mark Febrizio3 Independent regulators in Europe 27David Coen and Andrew Tarrant4 Independent regulatory agencies in Latin America 43Andrés Pavón Mediano and Camilo Ignacio González5 Independent regulators in the Middle East 60Ahmed Badran6 The age of regulatory agencies: tracking differences and similaritiesover countries and sectors 78Xavier Fernández-i-Marín, Jacint Jordana and David Levi-FaurPART II SECTORS AND TYPES7 Central banks 95Clément Fontan and Antoine de Cabanes8 Competition authorities 112Mattia Guidi9 Data protection authorities under the EU General Data ProtectionRegulation – a new global benchmark 127Philip Schütz10 Agencies regulating network services 145Matthias Finger11 Agencies regulating risks 160Lorenzo Allio and Nicoletta Rangone12 Anticorruption authorities 176Fabrizio Di Mascio, Martino Maggetti and Alessandro NataliniPART III CONCEPTUAL ISSUES13 Political control of regulatory authorities 192Jennifer L. Selin14 Regulatory independence and the quality of regulation 210Christel Koop and Jacint Jordana15 Independent regulators in the post-delegation stage 226Martino MaggettiPART IV REPUTATION, PERFORMANCE AND CONTROL16 Reputation and independent regulatory agencies 240Martin Lodge and Kai Wegrich17 Accountability and regulatory authorities 254Sjors Overman, Thomas Schillemans and Machiel van der Heijden18 Taking stock: strategic communication by regulatory agencies as a formof reputation management 272Moshe Maor19 Managing the performance of regulatory agencies 284Cary Coglianese20 Better regulation in the European Union 302Claire A. Dunlop and Claudio M. Radaelli21 Better regulation in the United States 313Susan Dudley and Jerry Ellig22 Judicial review of agency action in Europe 330Stéphanie De Somer, Ute Lettanie and Patricia Popelier23 Judicial review of agency action in the United States 345Richard MurphyPART V BEYOND REGULATION24 Agency capture 361Justin Rex25 Regulatory agencies and agenda-setting: state of the art and new ways forward 378Edoardo Guaschino26 Enforcement 393Miroslava Scholten27 EU regulatory agencies 409Emmanuelle Mathieu28 European regulatory networks: foundations and foresights 424Machiel van der Heijden and Kutsal Yesilkagit29 Innovation and regulatory agencies 440Cristie Ford30 Behavioural insights and regulatory authorities 456Kai Wegrich and Martin Lodge31 AI algorithmic oversight: new frontiers in regulation 469Madalina Busuioc32 Expertise and regulatory agencies 486Dovilė RimkutėIndex

‘Regulatory authorities are as important as they are misunderstood. This volume is essential reading for scholars and practitioners interested in how these organizations operate and how they shape public policy.’