Handbook of Public Funding of Research

Edited by Benedetto Lepori, Institute of Communication and Public Policy, Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland, Ben Jongbloed, Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS), Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, the Netherlands and Diana Hicks, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, US

• Contents:1 Introduction to the Handbook of Public Funding of Research:understanding vertical and horizontal complexities 1Benedetto Lepori, Ben Jongbloed and Diana HicksPART I PUBLIC POLICIES AND RESEARCH FUNDING2 What is public about public research? The case of COVID-19 R&D 21Barry Bozeman3 Motivations guiding public research funding in science, technology andinnovation (STI) policy: a synthesis 38Aixa Y. Alemán-Díaz4 Politics of public research funding: the case of the European Union 55Inga UlnicanePART II POLICY MIXES IN PUBLIC RESEARCH FUNDING:LAYERING AND COMPLEXITY5 Ideas and instruments in public research funding 73Giliberto Capano6 Performance-based research funding and its impacts on researchorganizations 90Gunnar Sivertsen7 R&D programs as instruments for governmental R&D funding policy 107Emanuela Reale, Magnus Gulbrandsen and Thomas Scherngell8 Size matters! On the implications of increasing the size of research grants 123Carter Bloch, Alexander Kladakis and Mads P. Sørensen9 Potentials and limitations of program-based research funding for thetransformation of research systems 139Susanne Bührer, Sarah Seus and Rainer Walz10 Targeting research to address societal needs: what can we learn from 30years of targeting neglected diseases? 156Josie Coburn, Ohid Yaqub and Joanna Chataway11 The construction of competition in public research funding systems 172Stefan Arora-Jonsson, Nils Brunsson and Peter EdlundPART III INTERACTION OF FUNDING SYSTEMS WITHORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AND HIERARCHIES12 Incentives, rationales, and expected impact: linking performance-basedresearch funding to internal funding distributions of universities 186Jussi Kivistö and Charles Mathies13 Research funding in the context of high institutional stratification:policy scenarios for Europe based on insights from the United States 203Arlette Jappe and Thomas Heinze14 Public research organisations and public research funding 221Laura Cruz-Castro and Luis Sanz-MenéndezPART IV RESEARCHERS’ INTERACTION WITH THE FUNDINGENVIRONMENT15 Reframing study of research(er) funding towards configurations and trails 242Duncan A. Thomas and Irene Ramos-Vielba16 Researchers’ responses to their funding situation 261Grit Laudel17 Gender and underrepresented minorities differences in research funding 279Laura Cruz-Castro, Donna K. Ginther and Luis Sanz-Menéndez18 Research funding and scientific careers 301Julia Melkers, Richard Woolley and Quintin Kreth19 Research funding and academics’ scholarly performance 322Hugo Horta and Huan LiPART V SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES AND COUNTRY VARIATIONS20 Context matters: conceptualizing research funding policies through thelens of the varieties of academic capitalism approach 340Olivier Bégin-Caouette, Silvia Mirlene Nakano Koga andÉmanuelle Maltais21 System-level insights into public funding of research from emergingeconomies 361Juan D. Rogers22 Public research funding in Asian latecomer countries: developmentallegacy and dilemmas 378So Young KimIndex 395

‘Public funding of research is crucial for independent, creative knowledge production in universities and research organisations, certainly in view of the great societal challenges of our time. This Handbook offers analyses by leading international scholars, showing how modes of funding have changed in the 21st century, with both pitfalls and promising avenues. A must-read for academics and policymakers engaged in transformative knowledge politics.’