Handbook of Obesity - Volume 1

George A. Bray, MD, MACP, MACE, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United StatesClaude Bouchard, PhD, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United StatesPeter T. Katzmarzyk, PhD, FACSM, FTOS, FAHA, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United StatesJohn P. Kirwan, PhD, Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United StatesLeanne M. Redman, PhD, Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United StatesPhilip R. Schauer, MD, Metamor Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

• Preface. About the Editors. Associate Editors. Contributors. Introduction to Volume 1. HISTORY, DEFINITIONS, AND PREVALENCE. From Hippocrates to the Obesity Society: A Brief History. Obesity in Art and Literature. Measurement of Total Adiposity, Regional Fat Depots, and Ectopic Fat. Anthropometric Indicators of Adiposity in Relation to the Gold Standards. Worldwide and Regional Prevalence of Obesity. Age, Sex, Ethnicity, and Other Sources of Variation in the Prevalence of Obesity. BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF OBESITY. Bioenergetics and Obesity. Mitochondrial Metabolic Inefficiencies in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Obesity and Weight Loss. Human Experimental Overfeeding. Biology of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting. Genetic Epidemiology and Obesity. Genetic Variation and Obesity. Single-Gene Defects and Obesity. Micro and Long RNAs as Regulators in Obesity. Epigenetics and Obesity. T he Role of Adipocyte Precursors in Development and Obesity. Small Animal Models of Obesity. Obesity in Nonhuman Primates. The Transcriptome, Proteome, and Metabolome of Obesity. CNS Regulation of Energy Balance. Gastrointestinal Regulation of Energy Balance. Gut Microbiome and Obesity. Sympathetic Nervous System and Obesity. Hypothalamic–Pituitary Hormones and Obesity. Brown, Beige, and White Adipocyte Development. Adipose Tissue Metabolism, Adipokines, and Obesity. Hepatic, Visceral, Pancreatic, and Cardiac Fat Deposition. Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Obesity. Resting Metabolic Rate, Thermic Effect of Food, and Obesity. Energy Cost of Exercise, Post-Exercise Metabolic Rates, and Obesity. Energy Partitioning, Substrate Oxidation Rates, and Obesity. COVID-19, Other Microbial Infections, and Obesity. BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF OBESITY. Obesity and Dietary Intake. Beverages and Obesity: A Review of Current Scientific Evidence. Obesity and Sedentary Time at Work and Home. Leisure Time Physical Activity and Obesity. Role of Early Life Nutrition and Breastfeeding on Obesity Development. Tobacco Use, Marijuana Use, Vaping, and Obesity. Sleep and Obesity. Eating Disorders and Obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF OBESITY. The Role of the Food Industry in Obesity. Transportation Policies and Obesity. Urban Environment and Obesity. Social and Economic Factors Related to Obesity across the Globe. Influence of Culture on Obesity. Environmental Chemicals and Obesity. CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY. Obesity and Mortality. Obesity and Heart Disease. Obesity and Hypertension. Obesity and Lipoprotein Metabolism. Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Obesity and Type 2. Diabetes. Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Obesity and Cancer. Obesity and Inflammation. Obesity, Gallbladder, and Gastrointestinal Diseases. Obesity and Liver Diseases. Obesity, Lung Function, and Lung Disease. Obesity and Gout. Obesity, Osteoarthritis, and Bone Disorders. Obesity and Cognitive Decline. Obesity, Mental Health, and Health-Related Quality of Life. Obesity and Reproductive Dysfunction. Obesity in Pregnancy Complications and Outcomes. Obesity, Growth, Development, Metabolic Disorder, and Insulin Resistance in Pediatrics. Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity. Index.