Handbook of Logic and Proof Techniques for Computer Science

Inbunden, Engelska, 2002

AvSteven G. Krantz,Steven G Krantz

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This handbook presents the elements of modern logic, including many current topics, to the reader having only basic mathematical literacy. Computer scientists will find specific examples and important ideas such as axiomatics, recursion theory, decidability, independence, completeness, consistency, model theory, and P/NP completeness. The book contains definitions, examples and discussion of all of the key ideas in basic logic, but also makes a special effort to cut through the mathematical formalism, difficult notation, and esoteric terminology that is typical of modern mathematical logic. The Handbook of Mathematical Logic and Proof Techniques delivers cogent and self-contained introductions to critical advanced topics, including: - Godel's completeness and incompleteness theorems - Methods of proof, cardinal and ordinal numbers, the continuum hypothesis, the axiom of choice, model theory, number systems and their construction - Extensive treatment of complexity theory and programming applications - Presents applications to algorithms in Boolean algebra - Provides a treatment of set theory and applications of logic

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2002-01-17
Mått155 x 235 x 18 mm
Vikt576 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor245
Upplaga2002
FörlagBirkhauser Boston Inc
ISBN9780817642204

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1 Notation and First-Order Logic.- 1.1 The Use of Connectives.- 1.2 Truth Values and Truth Tables.- 1.3 The Use of Quantifiers.- 1.4 Gödel’s Completeness Theorem.- 1.5 Second-Order Logic.- 2 Semantics and Syntax.- 2.1 Elementary Symbols.- 2.2 Well-Formed Formulas or wffs [Syntax].- 2.3 Free and Bound Variables (Syntax).- 2.4 The Semantics of First-Order Logic.- 3 Axiomatics and Formalism in Mathematics.- 3.1 Basic Elements.- 3.2 Models.- 3.3 Consistency.- 3.4 Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem.- 3.5 Decidability and Undecidability.- 3.6 Independence.- 4 The Axioms of Set Theory.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Axioms and Discussion.- 4.3 Concluding Remarks.- 5 Elementary Set Theory.- 5.1 Set Notation.- 5.2 Sets, Subsets, and Elements.- 5.3 Binary Operations on Sets.- 5.4 Relations and Equivalence Relation.- 5.5 Equivalence Relations.- 5.6 Number Systems.- 5.7 Functions.- 5.8 Cardinal Numbers.- 5.9 A Word About Classes.- 5.10 Fuzzy Set Theory.- 5.11 The Lambda Calculus.- 5.12 Sequences.- 5.13 Bags.- 6 Recursive Functions.- 6.1 Introductory Remarks.- 6.2 Primitive Recursive Functions.- 6.3 General Recursive Functions.- 7 The Number Systems.- 7.1 The Natural Numbers.- 7.2 The Integers.- 7.3 The Rational Numbers.- 7.4 The Real Numbers.- 7.5 The Complex Numbers.- 7.6 The Quaternions.- 7.7 The Cayley Numbers.- 7.8 Nonstandard Analysis.- 8 Methods of Mathematical Proof.- 8.1 Axiomatics.- 8.2 Proof by Induction.- 8.3 Proof by Contradiction.- 8.4 Direct Proof.- 8.5 Other Methods of Proof.- 9 The Axiom of Choice.- 9.1 Enunciation of the Axiom.- 9.2 Examples of the Use of the Axiom of Choice.- 9.3 Consequences of the Axiom of Choice.- 9.4 Paradoxes.- 9.5 The Countable Axiom of Choice.- 9.6 Consistency of the Axiom of Choice.- 9.7 Independence of the Axiom of Choice.- 10 Proof Theory.-10.1 General Remarks.- 10.2 Cut Elimination.- 10.3 Propositional Resolution.- 10.4 Interpolation.- 10.5 Finite Type.- 10.6 Beth’s Definability Theorem.- 11 Category Theory.- 11.1 Introductory Remarks.- 11.2 Metacategories and Categories.- 12 Complexity Theory.- 12.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 12.2 Polynomial Complexity.- 12.3 Exponential Complexity.- 12.4 Two Tables for Complexity Theory.- 12.5 Problems of Class P.- 12.6 Problems of Class NP.- 12.7 NP-Completeness.- 12.8 Cook’s Theorem.- 12.9 Examples of NP-Complete Problems.- 12.10 More on P/NP.- 12.11 Descriptive Complexity Theory.- 13 Boolean Algebra.- 13.1 Description of Boolean Algebra.- 13.2 Axioms of Boolean Algebra.- 13.3 Theorems in Boolean Algebra.- 13.4 Illustration of the Use of Boolean Logic.- 14 The Word Problem.- 14.1 Introductory Remarks.- 14.2 What Is a Group?.- 14.3 What Is a Free Group?.- 14.4 The Word Problem.- 14.5 Relations and Generators.- 14.6 Amalgams.- 14.7 Description of the Word Problem.- List of Notation from Logic.- Glossary of Terms from Mathematical and Sentential Logic.- A Guide to the Literature.