Edited by Philippe Régnier, Professor and Dean (Research), School of Management Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Daniel Frey, Professor, currently Head of the Design and Manufacturing Area within Mechanical Engineering, and formerly Research Faculty Director, D-Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, Samuel Pierre, Professor, Director of the Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory (LARIM), Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada, Koshy Varghese, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and currently Dean (Administration), Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, India and Pascal Wild, Professor, School of Management Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO)

• Contents:Introduction to the Handbook of Innovation & Appropriate Technologies forInternational Development xivDaniel Frey, Samuel Pierre, Philippe Régnier, Koshy Varghese and Pascal WildPART I APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY: ORIGINS ANDEVOLUTION OF A CONCEPT1 Revisiting the concept of “technology for the people”: from Gandhi andSchumacher to 21st century new developments 2Philippe Régnier and Pascal Wild2 MIT D-Lab: designing for a more equitable world 7Amy Smith and Nancy Adams3 Solving problems and strengthening systems: how local innovation ofappropriate technology contributes to development 22Elizabeth Hoffecker and Boru DouthwaitePART II THE RISE OF EMERGING ECONOMIES AND NEW CONTRIBUTIONS4 The rise of emerging economies: implications on appropriatetechnology development in theory and practice 47Philippe Régnier and Pascal Wild5 Entrepreneurship, appropriate technologies and economic developmentin China 54Heini Shi6 Technological transformation in India: the debate between appropriateand frontier technologies 71Binod Khadria and Ratnam MishraPART III RECENT INNOVATIONS AND APPROPRIATETECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSFORMATION7 Technology evaluation for global development: exploring the efficiencyof comparative methods 87Daniel Frey and Bish Sanyal8 Mobilizing higher education and research toward engineering for globaldevelopment: the approach taken by the Centre for Global Engineering 103Ahmed Mahmoud, Amy Bilton, Morris Huang, Levente Diosady and Yu-Ling Cheng9 The participatory design spectrum: design for, with, and by 125Kendra Leith, Sher Vogel and Khanjan Mehta10 Frugal engineering 140Rao Balkrishna11 Financial technologies and rapid development growth in emerging economies 154Jane Khayesi12 Openness and new development perspectives 168Abdelhamid Benhmade13 How technologies can be used to reduce poverty and promotesustainable development in Haiti: the case of the PIGraN Project 187Samuel Pierre14 Ethical considerations for “Internet of Things” in research to advanceglobal development 207Daniel Sweeney, Amit Gandhi and Evan Thomas15 High-stake conditions to catalyse local sustainable developmentthrough Fablabs in Africa 222Thomas Hervé Mboa Nkoudou16 The importance of local institutions: bottom‐up innovation in Uganda 240Joe Amick and Roy William Mayega17 How locally adapted information and communication technologies(ICTs) may contribute to the citizens’ socio-economic conditions inemerging countries: case study in the DR Congo 259Musandji FuambaIndex

‘Handbook of Innovation & Appropriate Technologies for International Development is an outstanding contribution to bring out the progress of such innovations and appropriate technologies helpful for the development of people across the world. This book serves as a value pack for researchers, scholars and, in particular, practitioners working in the area of technology development and entrepreneurship for local community sustainable development impacts, and how they can be commercialised through various public–private inroads.’

Edited by Philippe Régnier, Professor and Dean (Research), School of Management Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Daniel Frey, Professor, currently Head of the Design and Manufacturing Area within Mechanical Engineering, and formerly Research Faculty Director, D-Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, Samuel Pierre, Professor, Director of the Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory (LARIM), Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada, Koshy Varghese, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and currently Dean (Administration), Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, India and Pascal Wild, Professor, School of Management Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO)

• Contents:Introduction to the Handbook of Innovation & Appropriate Technologies forInternational Development xivDaniel Frey, Samuel Pierre, Philippe Régnier, Koshy Varghese and Pascal WildPART I APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY: ORIGINS ANDEVOLUTION OF A CONCEPT1 Revisiting the concept of “technology for the people”: from Gandhi andSchumacher to 21st century new developments 2Philippe Régnier and Pascal Wild2 MIT D-Lab: designing for a more equitable world 7Amy Smith and Nancy Adams3 Solving problems and strengthening systems: how local innovation ofappropriate technology contributes to development 22Elizabeth Hoffecker and Boru DouthwaitePART II THE RISE OF EMERGING ECONOMIES AND NEW CONTRIBUTIONS4 The rise of emerging economies: implications on appropriatetechnology development in theory and practice 47Philippe Régnier and Pascal Wild5 Entrepreneurship, appropriate technologies and economic developmentin China 54Heini Shi6 Technological transformation in India: the debate between appropriateand frontier technologies 71Binod Khadria and Ratnam MishraPART III RECENT INNOVATIONS AND APPROPRIATETECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSFORMATION7 Technology evaluation for global development: exploring the efficiencyof comparative methods 87Daniel Frey and Bish Sanyal8 Mobilizing higher education and research toward engineering for globaldevelopment: the approach taken by the Centre for Global Engineering 103Ahmed Mahmoud, Amy Bilton, Morris Huang, Levente Diosady and Yu-Ling Cheng9 The participatory design spectrum: design for, with, and by 125Kendra Leith, Sher Vogel and Khanjan Mehta10 Frugal engineering 140Rao Balkrishna11 Financial technologies and rapid development growth in emerging economies 154Jane Khayesi12 Openness and new development perspectives 168Abdelhamid Benhmade13 How technologies can be used to reduce poverty and promotesustainable development in Haiti: the case of the PIGraN Project 187Samuel Pierre14 Ethical considerations for “Internet of Things” in research to advanceglobal development 207Daniel Sweeney, Amit Gandhi and Evan Thomas15 High-stake conditions to catalyse local sustainable developmentthrough Fablabs in Africa 222Thomas Hervé Mboa Nkoudou16 The importance of local institutions: bottom‐up innovation in Uganda 240Joe Amick and Roy William Mayega17 How locally adapted information and communication technologies(ICTs) may contribute to the citizens’ socio-economic conditions inemerging countries: case study in the DR Congo 259Musandji FuambaIndex

‘Handbook of Innovation & Appropriate Technologies for International Development is an outstanding contribution to bring out the progress of such innovations and appropriate technologies helpful for the development of people across the world. This book serves as a value pack for researchers, scholars and, in particular, practitioners working in the area of technology development and entrepreneurship for local community sustainable development impacts, and how they can be commercialised through various public–private inroads.’

Edited by Philippe Régnier, Professor and Dean (Research), School of Management Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Daniel Frey, Professor, currently Head of the Design and Manufacturing Area within Mechanical Engineering, and formerly Research Faculty Director, D-Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, Samuel Pierre, Professor, Director of the Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory (LARIM), Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada, Koshy Varghese, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and currently Dean (Administration), Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, India and Pascal Wild, Professor, School of Management Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO)

• Contents:Introduction to the Handbook of Innovation & Appropriate Technologies forInternational Development xivDaniel Frey, Samuel Pierre, Philippe Régnier, Koshy Varghese and Pascal WildPART I APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY: ORIGINS ANDEVOLUTION OF A CONCEPT1 Revisiting the concept of “technology for the people”: from Gandhi andSchumacher to 21st century new developments 2Philippe Régnier and Pascal Wild2 MIT D-Lab: designing for a more equitable world 7Amy Smith and Nancy Adams3 Solving problems and strengthening systems: how local innovation ofappropriate technology contributes to development 22Elizabeth Hoffecker and Boru DouthwaitePART II THE RISE OF EMERGING ECONOMIES AND NEW CONTRIBUTIONS4 The rise of emerging economies: implications on appropriatetechnology development in theory and practice 47Philippe Régnier and Pascal Wild5 Entrepreneurship, appropriate technologies and economic developmentin China 54Heini Shi6 Technological transformation in India: the debate between appropriateand frontier technologies 71Binod Khadria and Ratnam MishraPART III RECENT INNOVATIONS AND APPROPRIATETECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSFORMATION7 Technology evaluation for global development: exploring the efficiencyof comparative methods 87Daniel Frey and Bish Sanyal8 Mobilizing higher education and research toward engineering for globaldevelopment: the approach taken by the Centre for Global Engineering 103Ahmed Mahmoud, Amy Bilton, Morris Huang, Levente Diosady and Yu-Ling Cheng9 The participatory design spectrum: design for, with, and by 125Kendra Leith, Sher Vogel and Khanjan Mehta10 Frugal engineering 140Rao Balkrishna11 Financial technologies and rapid development growth in emerging economies 154Jane Khayesi12 Openness and new development perspectives 168Abdelhamid Benhmade13 How technologies can be used to reduce poverty and promotesustainable development in Haiti: the case of the PIGraN Project 187Samuel Pierre14 Ethical considerations for “Internet of Things” in research to advanceglobal development 207Daniel Sweeney, Amit Gandhi and Evan Thomas15 High-stake conditions to catalyse local sustainable developmentthrough Fablabs in Africa 222Thomas Hervé Mboa Nkoudou16 The importance of local institutions: bottom‐up innovation in Uganda 240Joe Amick and Roy William Mayega17 How locally adapted information and communication technologies(ICTs) may contribute to the citizens’ socio-economic conditions inemerging countries: case study in the DR Congo 259Musandji FuambaIndex

‘Handbook of Innovation & Appropriate Technologies for International Development is an outstanding contribution to bring out the progress of such innovations and appropriate technologies helpful for the development of people across the world. This book serves as a value pack for researchers, scholars and, in particular, practitioners working in the area of technology development and entrepreneurship for local community sustainable development impacts, and how they can be commercialised through various public–private inroads.’