Handbook of Hypertension

Mark C. Houston, MD, MSc, FACP, FAHAAssociate Clinical Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineASH Specialist in Clinical HypertensionDirector, Hypertension Institute and Vascular Biology, Nashville, TennesseeSection Chief, Division of Nutrition and Clinical ResearchStaff Physician, Vascular InstituteSaint Thomas HospitalNashville, Tennessee

• Provisional Table of Contents. Abbreviations.General Introduction .Introduction.Hypertension Syndrome.Vascular Biology.Functional Endothelium.Endothelial Dysfunction.New Treatment Approach.Hypothesis: Essential Hypertension and End-Organ Damage.Hypertension Classification and Guidelines Wordwide.Hypertension in the US.JNC-7.NHANES III and IV.CHS.ESH-ESC.ISHIB.AHA.BHS/NICE(RCP).JBS 2.Global Cardiovascular Risk Calculation.Secondary Hypertension.Measurement of Blood Pressure.Indirect measurement of blood pressure.Korotkoff Sounds.Common Mistakes in Blood Pressure Measurement.Hypertension-Atherosclerotic Syndrome.Normotensive Hypertension.Pre-hypertension.Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension.Nutrition.Nutraceuticals, Vitamins, Minerals and Antioxidants.DASH I and II Trials.Specific Recommendations.Obesity.Exercise.Approaches to Selection of Antihypertensive Therapy.Stepped Care.Demographics.Subsets of Hypertension.Renin Profiling: The Laragh Method.Hemodynamics in Hypertension.Hemodynamics: Logical and Preferred Method to Reduce Blood Pressure.Hemodynamic Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs.Hypertension-Related End-Organ Damage.Life Expectancy and Blood Pressure.Systolic, Diastolic and Pulse Pressure Concepts.Isolated Systolic Hypertension.Clinical Hypertension Trials and Antihypertensive .Drug Therapy .Completed Trials and Trials in Progress.Diuretic and Beta-Blocker Trials.Summary of Clinical Trials with Diuretics.Summary of Clinical Trials with Beta-Blockers.Meta-Analysis of Various Clinical Trials.Comparisons of ACE-Inhibitor therapy with Placebo.Comparisons of Calcium-antagonist therapy with Placebo.Comparisons of More Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering Strategies with Less.Intensive Strategies.Comparisons of Ace-Inhibitor based Therapy with Diuretic-based or Beta-Blocker Therapy.Comparisons of Calcium-antagonist-based Therapy with Diuretic or Beta-BlockerTherapy.Comparisons of Ace-Inhibitor Therapy with Calcium-antagonist Therapy.Summary of Clinical Trials in Hypertension and Clinical Outcomes.Health Outcomes Meta-Analysis.Comparing the CCBs to other Antihypertensive Therapy.ALLHAT Trial.ALLHAT: Conclusions.ASCOT Trial.Summary of Published Trials Involving CCBs.Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) Trials.Summary of ACEI Trials.Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) Trials.ARBs Trials Summary.Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factor and Effects of Anti-hypertensive Drug Therapy.Coronary Heart Disease: Risk Factors.Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors: More potential risk factors.Influence of Diuretic and Beta-Blocker Therapy on CHD Risk Factors.Antihypertensive Drugs and Serum Lipids.Summary of Serum Lipids and Antihypertensive Therapy with Diuretics and.Beta Blockers.Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors.Antihypertensive Drugs and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors: Summary.Calcium Channel Blockers and Atherosclerosis (CHD Reduction Trials).Hypertension and Renal Disease.Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease.Hypertension and Renal Damage.Hypertension-Related Renal Damage:.Postulated Mechanisms.Is Thiazide Diuretic-Based Antihypertensive Therapy Associated with Increased.Risk of Renal Injury.Major Clinical Trials Showing Renoprotection.Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Renal Function.Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus.Hypertensive Diabetics: Mortality, Coronary Heart Disease and Antihypertensive.Therapy.BP Level Effects on Type II-DM Nephropathy.RENAAL TRIAL.Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Summary.Selection of Therapy Based on Subsets of Hypertension.Demographics and Antihypertensive Drugs.Resistant Hypertension.Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly.Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies.Treatment; General Principles.Treatment; Choice of Drug.Treatment of Specific Hypertensive Disorders.Hypertension in Pregnancy.General Review of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy.Quality of Life and Antihypertensive Therapy (Selected Trials).Antihypertensive Drug Compliance.Total Cost of Antihypertensive Therapy.Characteristics of the Ideal Antihypertensive Drug.Combination Antihypertensive Therapy: Selected Drugs.Combination Antihypertensive Therapy: Selected Drugs: Summary.Antihypertensive Therapy: Efficacy of Monotherapy.Selected Drug Interactions with Antihypertensive Therapy.Maximum Recommended Doses of Antihypertensive Drugs with Best Treatment Characteristics.Specific Review of all Antihypertensive Drug Classes.Diuretics.Diuretics Highlights.Central Alpha-Agonists.Central Alpha-Agonists: Similarities.Central Alpha-Agonists: Highlights.Comparison of Commonly Used Oral Central Alpha-Agonists.Postganglionic Neuron Inhibitors.Postganglionic Neuron Inhibitors Highlights.Beta-Blockers—General.Side Effects and Contraindications of Beta-Blockers.Drug Interactions with Beta-Blockers.Beta-Blockers Highlights.Direct Vasodilators.Direct Vasodilators Highlights.Alpha1-Blockers.Alpha1-Blockers: Highlights.Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors.Renin-Angiotensin System (RAAS).ACE Inhibitors: Highlights.Non Hypertensive Treatment Effects of ACEIs.Calcium Channel Blockers.Calcium Channel Blockers: Highlights.Treatment: Non Hypertensive Effects of CCBs.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs).Ang-II Receptor Blockers (ARBs): Highlights.Non Hypertensive Treatment effects of ARB’s.Renin Inhibitors.Serum Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists (SARA’s).Combination of Anti-hypertensive Drug with Statin ( Amlodipine with Atorvastatin).Arterial Compliance: Structure/Function: Treatment.Selected Combination Antihypertensive Drugs.Hypertension Drug Selection: Summary.New Antihypertensive Drug Classes.Subset Selection of Antihypertensive Therapy.Conclusions 383.References 385.Index 400.