Daniele Archibugi is a Research Director at the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in Rome, and Professor of Innovation, Governance and Public Policy at Birkbeck, University of London. His publications include The Global Commonwealth of Citizens: Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy (2008), Innovation and Economic Crisis: Lessons and Prospects from the Economic Downturn (with Andrea Filippetti, 2011), and Global Democracy: Normative and Empirical Perspectives (edited with Mathias Koenig-Archibugi and Raffaele Marchetti, 2011).Andrea Filippetti is Marie Curie Fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science and Researcher at the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in Rome. Previously, he was a Visiting Fellow at Birkbeck, University of London and Fulbright Fellow at Harvard University. He has collaborated with the Italian Ministry of Development on the evaluation of regional innovation policy. Filippetti is co-author with Daniele Archibugi of Innovation and Economic Crisis: Lessons and Prospects from the Economic Downturn (2011).

• Notes on Contributors viiiEditors’ Introduction: Science, Technology, and Innovation Go Global 1Daniele Archibugi and Andrea FilippettiPart I Global Trends 131 The Convergence Paradox: The Global Evolution of National Innovation Systems 15Fulvio Castellacci and Jose Miguel Natera2 World Top University Rankings: From Distribution to Implications on National Knowledge Creation and Competitiveness 46Thanh Quang Le and Kam Ki Tang3 The International Race of Top Supercomputers and Its Implications 69Kam Ki Tang and Thanh Quang Le 4 Soft Innovation and Changes in Product Aesthetics: An Omitted Dimension in Economic Analyses of Innovation Activities 88Paul Stoneman5 Is the World of Science Moving to the East? What Bibliometrics Says 109Ping Zhou and Jiang liPart II The Globalization of Technology and Innovation 1256 Innovation, Internationalization, and the Transnational Corporation 127Grazia Ietto]Gillies7 International R&D Alliances by Firms: Origins and Development 144Rajneesh Narula and Andrea Martínez]Noya8 The Globalization of Knowledge]Intensive Services 171Ian Miles and Marcela Miozzo9 Capital and Technology Flows: Changing Technology Acquisition Strategies in Developing Countries 191Suma Athreye and Sandeep Kapur10 Clusters and Global Innovation: The Role of Connectedness and Connectivity 212Mark Lorenzen and Ram Mudambi11 New Product Development in Emerging Economies: Innovation in Reverse from China 228Simone Corsi, Alberto Di Minin, and Andrea Piccaluga12 Crowdfunding: Toward the Democratization of Innovation Financing 245Alessandro Cordova, Johanna Dolci, and Gianfranco GianfratePart III Spaces and Flows of Knowledge 26713 Harnessing the Geography of Innovation: Toward Evidence]Based Economic Development Policy 269Maryann P. Feldman and Jongmin Choi14 Multinational Enterprises Innovation Networks and the Role of Cities 290Simona Iammarino and Philip McCann15 The Rise of the Global Creative Class 313Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander16 Global Science Collaboration 343Stefan Hennemann and Ingo Liefner17 International Mobility of Scientists 364Kieron Flanagan18 The Role of Global Connectedness in the Development of Indigenous Science in Middle]Income Countries 382Helena Barnard, Robin Cowan, Marta Fernandez de Arroyabe Arranz, and Moritz Müller19 Global Trends in Brain Drain and Likely Scenario in the Coming Years 407Alessio TerziPart IV Global Institutions and Intellectual Property Rights 41920 The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights 421Andrea Filippetti and Daniele Archibugi21 Patents, Monopoly Power, and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals in Low]Income Nations 443F.M. Scherer22 Global Governance and Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Information Society: At the Crossroads of IPRs and Innovation 458Paolo Davide Farah and Riccardo TremoladaPart V The Global Governance of Science and Technology 47723 Knowledge as Global Public Good 479Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti24 From Governmental Open Data Toward Governmental Open Innovation (GOI): A Global Perspective 504Sabine Brunswicker and Jeremiah Johnson25 Serendipity and Chance in Scientific Discovery: Policy Implications for Global Society 525Donald Gillies26 Global Climate Change and the Direction of Technological Change 540Andrew Tylecote27 Global Risks: Cause and Consequence of the New Interactions Between Science, Technology, and Society 558Jean]Yves Heurtebise28 Globalization, Regionalization, and Technological Change 575Frederick Guy Index 597

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