Edited by David Carment, Professor of International Affairs and Yiagadeesen Samy, Professor of International Affairs, The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

• Contents:1 Introduction to the Handbook of Fragile States 1David Carment and Yiagadeesen Samy2 Investigating the root causes of fragility 19Sonja Grimm3 Transforming conception(s) of state fragility and new containmentinterventions 39Nicolas Lemay-Hébert and Babatunde F. Obamamoye4 Current conceptualizations and measurements of state fragility: recentdevelopments and remaining limits 53Ines A. Ferreira5 The United States is vulnerable: a flashing red light in the Fragile States Index 73Nate Haken and Natalie Fiertz6 The case for measuring multidimensional fragility: is disaggregation theanswer? 88Harsh Desai (OECD) and Jonathan Marley (OECD)7 Strategic approaches in fragile societies: targeting drivers 104Seth D. Kaplan8 Hybrid authority systems and political instability 121Monty G. Marshall9 Hybrid political orders in fragile contexts 137Tobias Debiel and Stephan Dombrowski10 Implications of fragility for growth, poverty and inequality 152Karla Cisneros Rosado and Yiagadeesen Samy11 Just “add women and stir”? Bringing gender into fragility debates 170Diana Koester12 The relationship between state fragility and refugees 192Charles Martin-Shields13 Climate change and fragility: improving early warning andclimate-proofing development and conflict interventions 206Erin Sikorsky, Francesco Femia and Brigitte Hugh14 Urban fragility 222Robert Muggah15 Understanding horizontal inequalities: the case of Palestinian refugeesin Jordan 236Zina Nimeh16 The African fragility problem 252Robert I. Rotberg17 State fragility and sustainable development in the Middle East andNorth Africa 265Hamid E. Ali, Mahmoud Elmakkawe and Nesreen Nasser Alanbar18 State fragility trap and conflict in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 285Said Yaqub Ibrahimi19 Fragility of small island developing states 299Michaël Goujon and Laurent Wagner20 Securitization, divergent agendas and the sectoral allocation ofdevelopment aid within Afghanistan 316Mark McGillivray and Safiullah Taye21 Exiting the fragility trap: evidence from Bangladesh 334David Carment and Emilia Vydelingum22 “Nothing about us without us”: the g7+ and the New Deal 355Habib ur Rehman Mayar, Helder da Costa and Felix Piedad23 The EU’s approach to fragile states: conflicting norms, practices, andlessons learnt 369Julian Bergmann and Mark Furness24 Coordinating aid in fragile states: the promise of country platforms andprinciples for effective aid architecture 385Rachael Calleja and Sarah RoseIndex

‘The Handbook of Fragile States brings together an impressive breadth and diversity of expertise – empirical and theoretical, academic and policy-oriented. It demonstrates that our understanding of state fragility, its sources and the ways to overcome it, has made tremendous progress in recent years – a knowledge badly needed in a world where multiple global crises put nations increasingly under stress. In their entirety, the twenty-four chapters of this volume make a convincing case for the notion that the legitimacy of the rulers, as much as their capacity to provide for their citizens, is a crucial resource for states to escape, or avoid, the perils of fragility.’