Handbook of Electrical Power System Dynamics

MIRCEA EREMIA, PhD, is Full Professor in the Electrical Power Systems Department at the University Politehnica of Bucharest. He has authored or coauthored more than 150 journal and conference papers as well as ten books in the field of electric power systems. Professor Eremia has extensive experience in power system analysis and engineering education.MOHAMMAD SHAHIDEHPOUR, PhD, is Bodine Chair Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and Director of the Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation at Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. He is Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid and an editorial board member of IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

• Foreword xxiii Acknowledgments xxvContributors xxvii1. INTRODUCTION 1Mircea Eremia and Mohammad ShahidehpourPART I POWER SYSTEM MODELING AND CONTROL 72. SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR AND INDUCTION MOTOR 9Mircea Eremia and Constantin Bulac2.1. Theory and Modeling of Synchronous Generator 92.2. Theory and Modeling of the Induction Motor 1143. MODELING THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE CLASSICAL POWER PLANTS 137Mohammad Shahidehpour, Mircea Eremia, and Lucian Toma3.1. Introduction 1373.2. Types of Turbines 1383.3. Thermal Power Plants 1433.4. Combined-Cycle Power Plants 1583.5. Nuclear Power Plants 1673.6. Hydraulic Power Plants 1694. WIND POWER GENERATION 179Mohammad Shahidehpour and Mircea Eremia4.1. Introduction 1794.2. Some Characteristics of Wind Power Generation 1814.3. State of the Art Technologies 1844.4. Modeling the Wind Turbine Generators 2004.5. Fault Ride-Through Capability 2235. SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS CALCULATION 229Nouredine Hadjsaid, Ion TriSstiu, and Lucian Toma5.1. Introduction 2295.2. Characteristics of Short-Circuit Currents 2325.3. Methods of Short-Circuit Currents Calculation 2365.4. Calculation of Short-Circuit Current Components 2646. ACTIVE POWER AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 291Les Pereira6.1. Introduction 2916.2. Frequency Deviations in Practice 2936.3. Typical Standards and Policies for "Active Power and Frequency Control" or "Load Frequency Control" 2946.4. System Modeling, Inertia, Droop, Regulation, and Dynamic Frequency Response 2976.5. Governor Modeling 3026.6. AGC Principles and Modeling 3286.7. Other Topics of Interest Related to Load Frequency Control 3367. VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE POWER CONTROL 340Sandro Corsi and Mircea Eremia7.1. Relationship Between Active and Reactive Powers and Voltage 3427.2. Equipments for Voltage and Reactive Power Control 3477.3. Grid Voltage and Reactive Power Control Methods 3747.4. Grid Hierarchical Voltage Regulation 3997.5. Implementation Study of the Secondary Voltage Regulation in Romania 4237.6. Examples of Hierarchical Voltage Control in the World 429PART II POWER SYSTEM STABILITY AND PROTECTION 4518. BACKGROUND OF POWER SYSTEM STABILITY 453S.S. (Mani) Venkata, Mircea Eremia, and Lucian Toma8.1. Introduction 4538.2. Classification of Power Systems Stability 4538.3. Parallelism Between Voltage Stability and Angular Stability 4698.4. Importance of Security for Power System Stability 4699. SMALL-DISTURBANCE ANGLE STABILITY AND ELECTROMECHANICAL OSCILLATION DAMPING 477Roberto Marconato and Alberto Berizzi9.1. Introduction 4779.2. The Dynamic Matrix 4789.3. A General Simplified Approach 4829.4. Major Factors Affecting the Damping of Electromechanical Oscillations 5019.5. Damping Improvement 5469.6. Typical Cases of Interarea Or Low-Frequency Electromechanical Oscillations 56410. TRANSIENT STABILITY 570Nikolai Voropai and Constantin Bulac10.1. General Aspects 57010.2. Direct Methods for Transient Stability Assessment 57210.3. Integration Methods for Transient Stability Assessment 60310.4. Dynamic Equivalents 61410.5. Transient Stability Assessment of Large Electric Power Systems 63810.6. Application 64511. VOLTAGE STABILITY 657Mircea Eremia and Constantin Bulac11.1. Introduction 65711.2. System Characteristics and Load Modeling 65811.3. Static Aspects of Voltage Stability 66711.4. Voltage Instability Mechanisms: Interaction Between Electrical Network, Loads, and Control Devices 67411.5. Voltage Stability Assessment Methods 68811.6. Voltage Instability Countermeasures 71611.7. Application 72412. POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION 737Klaus-Peter Brand and Ivan De Mesmaeker12.1. Introduction 73712.2. Summary of IEC 61850 74412.3. The Protection Chain in Details 74612.4. Transmission and Distribution Power System Structures 75312.5. Properties of the Three-Phase Systems Relevant for Protection 75512.6. Protection Functions Sorted According to the Objects Protected 75912.7. From Single Protection Functions to System Protection 77312.8. Conclusions 780PART III GRID BLACKOUTS AND RESTORATION PROCESS 78713. MAJOR GRID BLACKOUTS: ANALYSIS, CLASSIFICATION, AND PREVENTION 789Yvon Besanger, Mircea Eremia, and Nikolai Voropai13.1. Introduction 78913.2. Description of Some Previous Blackouts 79213.3. Analysis of Blackouts 83513.4. Economical and Social Effects 84713.5. Recommendations for Preventing Blackouts 84913.6. On Some Defense and Restoration Actions 85013.7. Survivability/vulnerability of Electric Power Systems 85613.8. Conclusions 86014. RESTORATION PROCESSES AFTER BLACKOUTS 864Alberto Borghetti, Carlo Alberto Nucci, and Mario Paolone14.1. Introduction 86414.2. Overview of The Restoration Process 86514.3. Black-Start-Up Capabilities of Thermal Power Plant: Modeling and Computer Simulations 86914.4. Description of Computer Simulators 88814.5. Concluding Remarks 89615. COMPUTER SIMULATION OF SCALE-BRIDGING TRANSIENTS IN POWER SYSTEMS 900Kai Strunz and Feng Gao15.1. Bridging of Instantaneous and Phasor Signals 90115.2. Network Modeling 90315.3. Modeling of Power System Components 90915.4. Application: Simulation of Blackout 923References 926Index 929

“For power electronics professionals there is great opportunity to assist society energy security needs with innovations in power electronics for reactive power control, power flow control, advanced energy storage technologies for frequency regulation, secure communications, and other aspects of the smart grid.”  (IEEE Power Electronics Society, 1 May 2013)