Sudeshna Roy, PhD, is Lucius W. Nieman Chair of Journalism at Marquette University. Her research is focused on media representation of minorities, the politics of ethnic and racial identities, the cultural politics of immigrants, migrants, and diaspora populations, and peace and conflict communication in the global South.

• Notes on Contributors viiiSeries Editors’ Preface xvAcknowledgments xviIntroduction to the Handbook of Conflict and Peace Communication xviiiPart I Theory Development 11 Communicative Contact and Divided Groups 3Donald Ellis2 Conflict, Global Inequalities, and Structural Oppressions: A Culture-Centered Approach 14Mohan J. Dutta3 The Crossroads of Retribution and Restoration: A Story of Justice 30Ian M. Borton and Gregory D. Paul4 Social Responsibility, Journalistic Values, and Ethics of Conflict Coverage: A Critical Analysis of the Coverage of the Mumbai Attacks in Indian and Pakistani Elite Press 46Azmat RasulPart II Method Development 615 Applicability of Narrative for Peace and Conflict Communication 63Natasha Azarian-Ceccato6 The Weaponization of Reporting: Using Nightmares to Sell War and Conflict 76Christian Vukasovich and Tamara Dejanovic-Vukasovich7 Personal Narratives in the Service of Peacebuilding 97Julia Chaitin8 Discourse Analysis Applied to Communication about Violent Conflict 111John Oddo9 Strategic Listening in the Middle East as a Guide on the Pathway to Collaboration and Peace 124Annie Rappeport and Andrew Wolvin10 A Roma Heritage Pilgrimage: Peacebuilding and Reaffirmation of Identity in a Hungarian Roma Village 139Maria SubertPart III Traditional/Digital Media and Peace and Conflict 15111 (Mis)representing Terrorism in Global Media 153Daya K. Thussu12 Importance of Influence of Post-Conflict Societies in Conceptualizing Conflict and Peace Communication 166Kasun Ubayasiri13 Peace Journalism in the New Millennium: New Challenges with the Changing Face of Conflict 181Jake Lynch14 Internet User-Generated Content as “Citizen Peace Journalism”?: Lessons from Initial Empirical Data 196Marta N. Lukacovic and Andrew Teye15 Fighting ISIS: How Al Jazeera Arabic Framing of the Fight against ISIS in Syria and Iraq 215Hala Guta16 Conflict Reporting: How Indian and Pakistani News Organizations Framed a 2019 Border Conflict on Twitter 234Dhiman Chattopadhyay and Awais SaleemPart IV Case Studies 25317 Victimization versus Protagonism: An Analysis of the Process of Asylum Seekers’ Interview in Institutions of Brazilian Civil Society 255Sofia C. Zanforlin18 Are Nigerians in Cameroon Perceived as a Threat?: An Analysis of Cameroonian-Nigerian Inter-Group Conflict 268Elvis Nshom, Immaculate Kelighai, and Shomaila Sadaf19 When Campaigning Goes Wrong: Female Genital Mutilation in Human Rights and Peace and Conflict Communication 285Lisen Dellenborg and Maria F. Malmström20 Applying Image Restoration Theory to Understand the Provisional Irish Republican Army’s (PIRA) Image Repair Strategies 306Dylan Silverglate and Jonathan Matusitz21 Intercultural Empathy between Palestinians and Israelis: A Qualitative Analysis 319Kelsea Jackson and Stephen Croucher22 Rethinking Pakhtunwali as a Culture of Peace: The Role of Jirga in Peacebuilding in the Tribal Areas of Pakistan 336Nizar Ahmad, Syed Rashid Ali, and Sanaullah23 Conflict Management, Ambivalent Sexism, and Latin Gender Roles 351Nathalie Desrayaud, Gabriela R. Martin, and Fernando Olano VazquezPart V Innovative Approaches to Peace and Conflict 36924 Identifying Islamophobia in Societies to Help Sustain Global Peace, Journalism, and Communication 371Muhammad J. Yusha’u25 Everybody Loves an Innocent Victim: Communicating Terror and Managing Conflict through the Victims’ Perspective 382Vipul Mudgal26 The Role of Narratives in Reducing Bias towards Muslim Immigrants: A Step Towards Peace and Tolerance 394Xiaodi Yan, Syed Ali Hussain, Yi Zhu, and Mary Bresnahan27 “A Way of Knowing”: Violence, Precarity, and the Critical Potential of Poetry 407Timothy A. LavisIndex 420

Sudeshna Roy, PhD, is Lucius W. Nieman Chair of Journalism at Marquette University. Her research is focused on media representation of minorities, the politics of ethnic and racial identities, the cultural politics of immigrants, migrants, and diaspora populations, and peace and conflict communication in the global South.

• Notes on Contributors viiiSeries Editors’ Preface xvAcknowledgments xviIntroduction to the Handbook of Conflict and Peace Communication xviiiPart I Theory Development 11 Communicative Contact and Divided Groups 3Donald Ellis2 Conflict, Global Inequalities, and Structural Oppressions: A Culture-Centered Approach 14Mohan J. Dutta3 The Crossroads of Retribution and Restoration: A Story of Justice 30Ian M. Borton and Gregory D. Paul4 Social Responsibility, Journalistic Values, and Ethics of Conflict Coverage: A Critical Analysis of the Coverage of the Mumbai Attacks in Indian and Pakistani Elite Press 46Azmat RasulPart II Method Development 615 Applicability of Narrative for Peace and Conflict Communication 63Natasha Azarian-Ceccato6 The Weaponization of Reporting: Using Nightmares to Sell War and Conflict 76Christian Vukasovich and Tamara Dejanovic-Vukasovich7 Personal Narratives in the Service of Peacebuilding 97Julia Chaitin8 Discourse Analysis Applied to Communication about Violent Conflict 111John Oddo9 Strategic Listening in the Middle East as a Guide on the Pathway to Collaboration and Peace 124Annie Rappeport and Andrew Wolvin10 A Roma Heritage Pilgrimage: Peacebuilding and Reaffirmation of Identity in a Hungarian Roma Village 139Maria SubertPart III Traditional/Digital Media and Peace and Conflict 15111 (Mis)representing Terrorism in Global Media 153Daya K. Thussu12 Importance of Influence of Post-Conflict Societies in Conceptualizing Conflict and Peace Communication 166Kasun Ubayasiri13 Peace Journalism in the New Millennium: New Challenges with the Changing Face of Conflict 181Jake Lynch14 Internet User-Generated Content as “Citizen Peace Journalism”?: Lessons from Initial Empirical Data 196Marta N. Lukacovic and Andrew Teye15 Fighting ISIS: How Al Jazeera Arabic Framing of the Fight against ISIS in Syria and Iraq 215Hala Guta16 Conflict Reporting: How Indian and Pakistani News Organizations Framed a 2019 Border Conflict on Twitter 234Dhiman Chattopadhyay and Awais SaleemPart IV Case Studies 25317 Victimization versus Protagonism: An Analysis of the Process of Asylum Seekers’ Interview in Institutions of Brazilian Civil Society 255Sofia C. Zanforlin18 Are Nigerians in Cameroon Perceived as a Threat?: An Analysis of Cameroonian-Nigerian Inter-Group Conflict 268Elvis Nshom, Immaculate Kelighai, and Shomaila Sadaf19 When Campaigning Goes Wrong: Female Genital Mutilation in Human Rights and Peace and Conflict Communication 285Lisen Dellenborg and Maria F. Malmström20 Applying Image Restoration Theory to Understand the Provisional Irish Republican Army’s (PIRA) Image Repair Strategies 306Dylan Silverglate and Jonathan Matusitz21 Intercultural Empathy between Palestinians and Israelis: A Qualitative Analysis 319Kelsea Jackson and Stephen Croucher22 Rethinking Pakhtunwali as a Culture of Peace: The Role of Jirga in Peacebuilding in the Tribal Areas of Pakistan 336Nizar Ahmad, Syed Rashid Ali, and Sanaullah23 Conflict Management, Ambivalent Sexism, and Latin Gender Roles 351Nathalie Desrayaud, Gabriela R. Martin, and Fernando Olano VazquezPart V Innovative Approaches to Peace and Conflict 36924 Identifying Islamophobia in Societies to Help Sustain Global Peace, Journalism, and Communication 371Muhammad J. Yusha’u25 Everybody Loves an Innocent Victim: Communicating Terror and Managing Conflict through the Victims’ Perspective 382Vipul Mudgal26 The Role of Narratives in Reducing Bias towards Muslim Immigrants: A Step Towards Peace and Tolerance 394Xiaodi Yan, Syed Ali Hussain, Yi Zhu, and Mary Bresnahan27 “A Way of Knowing”: Violence, Precarity, and the Critical Potential of Poetry 407Timothy A. LavisIndex 420

Sudeshna Roy, PhD, is Lucius W. Nieman Chair of Journalism at Marquette University. Her research is focused on media representation of minorities, the politics of ethnic and racial identities, the cultural politics of immigrants, migrants, and diaspora populations, and peace and conflict communication in the global South.

• Notes on Contributors viiiSeries Editors’ Preface xvAcknowledgments xviIntroduction to the Handbook of Conflict and Peace Communication xviiiPart I Theory Development 11 Communicative Contact and Divided Groups 3Donald Ellis2 Conflict, Global Inequalities, and Structural Oppressions: A Culture-Centered Approach 14Mohan J. Dutta3 The Crossroads of Retribution and Restoration: A Story of Justice 30Ian M. Borton and Gregory D. Paul4 Social Responsibility, Journalistic Values, and Ethics of Conflict Coverage: A Critical Analysis of the Coverage of the Mumbai Attacks in Indian and Pakistani Elite Press 46Azmat RasulPart II Method Development 615 Applicability of Narrative for Peace and Conflict Communication 63Natasha Azarian-Ceccato6 The Weaponization of Reporting: Using Nightmares to Sell War and Conflict 76Christian Vukasovich and Tamara Dejanovic-Vukasovich7 Personal Narratives in the Service of Peacebuilding 97Julia Chaitin8 Discourse Analysis Applied to Communication about Violent Conflict 111John Oddo9 Strategic Listening in the Middle East as a Guide on the Pathway to Collaboration and Peace 124Annie Rappeport and Andrew Wolvin10 A Roma Heritage Pilgrimage: Peacebuilding and Reaffirmation of Identity in a Hungarian Roma Village 139Maria SubertPart III Traditional/Digital Media and Peace and Conflict 15111 (Mis)representing Terrorism in Global Media 153Daya K. Thussu12 Importance of Influence of Post-Conflict Societies in Conceptualizing Conflict and Peace Communication 166Kasun Ubayasiri13 Peace Journalism in the New Millennium: New Challenges with the Changing Face of Conflict 181Jake Lynch14 Internet User-Generated Content as “Citizen Peace Journalism”?: Lessons from Initial Empirical Data 196Marta N. Lukacovic and Andrew Teye15 Fighting ISIS: How Al Jazeera Arabic Framing of the Fight against ISIS in Syria and Iraq 215Hala Guta16 Conflict Reporting: How Indian and Pakistani News Organizations Framed a 2019 Border Conflict on Twitter 234Dhiman Chattopadhyay and Awais SaleemPart IV Case Studies 25317 Victimization versus Protagonism: An Analysis of the Process of Asylum Seekers’ Interview in Institutions of Brazilian Civil Society 255Sofia C. Zanforlin18 Are Nigerians in Cameroon Perceived as a Threat?: An Analysis of Cameroonian-Nigerian Inter-Group Conflict 268Elvis Nshom, Immaculate Kelighai, and Shomaila Sadaf19 When Campaigning Goes Wrong: Female Genital Mutilation in Human Rights and Peace and Conflict Communication 285Lisen Dellenborg and Maria F. Malmström20 Applying Image Restoration Theory to Understand the Provisional Irish Republican Army’s (PIRA) Image Repair Strategies 306Dylan Silverglate and Jonathan Matusitz21 Intercultural Empathy between Palestinians and Israelis: A Qualitative Analysis 319Kelsea Jackson and Stephen Croucher22 Rethinking Pakhtunwali as a Culture of Peace: The Role of Jirga in Peacebuilding in the Tribal Areas of Pakistan 336Nizar Ahmad, Syed Rashid Ali, and Sanaullah23 Conflict Management, Ambivalent Sexism, and Latin Gender Roles 351Nathalie Desrayaud, Gabriela R. Martin, and Fernando Olano VazquezPart V Innovative Approaches to Peace and Conflict 36924 Identifying Islamophobia in Societies to Help Sustain Global Peace, Journalism, and Communication 371Muhammad J. Yusha’u25 Everybody Loves an Innocent Victim: Communicating Terror and Managing Conflict through the Victims’ Perspective 382Vipul Mudgal26 The Role of Narratives in Reducing Bias towards Muslim Immigrants: A Step Towards Peace and Tolerance 394Xiaodi Yan, Syed Ali Hussain, Yi Zhu, and Mary Bresnahan27 “A Way of Knowing”: Violence, Precarity, and the Critical Potential of Poetry 407Timothy A. LavisIndex 420