Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

• 1. The Cannabis Plant: Botanical Aspects 2. The biosynthesis of cannabinoids 3. Increasing plant concentrations of THC and implications on health related disorders 3. Age as a Predictor of Cannabis Use 4. Lifetime cannabis use and cognition in psychosis spectrum disorders 5. A Profile of Synthetic Cannabinoid Users 6. Dual disorders in cannabis misuse 7. Cannabis use and cognitive function 8. Cannabis, migration and psychosis onset 9. The global epidemiology and disease burden of cannabis use and dependence 10. International aspects of cannabis use and misuse – the Australian perspective 11. International aspects of cannabis use and misuse: Egypt 12. Cannabis Body Packing – A Caribbean Perspective 13. Gender differences in cannabis use disorders 14. The role of age in the onset and further development of cannabis use disorders 15. Effects of Cannabis Use on Neurocognition in Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Psychiatric Comorbidities 16. Correlates and consequences of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE): identifying and characterizing vulnerable maternal populations and determining outcomes for exposed offspring 17. Cannabis and clubbing: Relevance of cannabis and polydrug use in the clubbing culture today 18. Cannabis and Sexual Behavior 19. Friendships and Cannabis Use 20. Students’ knowledge of cannabis 21. Childhood trauma and cannabis - risk factors in severe mental disorders 22. Parent’s Influence on Their Children’s Cannabis Use 23. Cannabis Users and Premorbid Intellectual Quotient (IQ) 24. Cannabis and traffic accidents 25. Drug-related pictures, attentional bias, and cannabis use 26. Cannabis use and first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) 27. Cannabis, associative memory, fMRI, and the Implicit Association Test 28. Stress Response in Cannabis Users and Psychosis 29. Motivation in Chronic Cannabis Use 30. Cannabis use and its association to mental illness: a focus on mood and anxiety disorders 31. Cannabis Use and Well-being 32. Craving and cannabis: A potential paradox 33. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and catalepsy-like immobilization 34. The interactive nature of cannabis and schizophrenia risk genes 35. Neuroimaging findings in Adolescent Cannabis use and Early Phase Psychosis 36. Cannabis smoking in adult schizophrenia: A cognitive and functional magnetic resonance imaging perspective 37. The long-lasting effects of cannabis use on movement and brain regions that control movement 38. Assessment of cannabis acute effects on driving skills: laboratory, simulator and on road studies 39. Chronic cannabis use and axonal fibre connectivity 40. Microglial activation and cannabis exposure 41. Cannabis and psychosis: correlation, causality and consequences 42. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders in bipolar disorder – causes and consequences 43. Cannabis use in epilepsy – risks and benefits 44. Cannabis, cannabinoids and visceral pain. 45. Cannabis and Post-Operative Analgesia 46. Chronic cannabis abuse and thyroid function 47. Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome 48. Cannabis and Cannabinoids and the effects on gastrointestinal function: an overview 49. Cardiovascular Effects of Cannabis Usage 50. Cannabis and Stroke 51. Cannabis Smoking and the Lung 52. Cannabis and hepatic injury 53. Cannabis allergy: more than a bad trip 54. Marijuana and Breastfeeding 55. Hypocretins/orexins and addiction: role in cannabinoid dependence 56. Regulatory role of cannabinoids for skin barrier functions and cutaneous inflammation 57. Cannabinoids and the Cannabinoid Receptors: An Overview 58. Signalling and Regulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor 59. Allosteric modulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor 60. The polymorphisms of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor 61. Chemistry of Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists 62. The endocannabinoid system as a target for new antiseizure drugs 63. Pharmacological aspects of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyglycerol as bioactive lipids 64. Pharmacological aspects of NMDA receptors, mGluR5, and endocannabinoids 65. Peripheral CB1 receptors and ghrelin in feeding regulation. Pharmacological implications. 66. Pharmacological aspects of novel antiobesity agents related to cannabinoids 67. Cannabinoid reward and dependence: Focus on the main psychoactive ingredients of marijuana in preclinical studies 68. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and cannabinoids VRP suggested Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and cannabinoids 69. The Protein-Protein interactions of CRIP1a and cannabinoid 1 receptor: the molecular mechanism study through an integrated molecular modeling approach 70. Synthetic cannabinoids: A summary of selected phenomena with respect to behavioral pharmacology and abuse liability 72. The role of 5-HT1A receptor and nausea and vomiting relief by cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabigerol (CBG) 73. Genetic and molecular aspects of addiction with tetrahydrocannabinol 74. Effects of dlta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in human breast cancer 75. Δ9-THC and COX-2 Signaling 76. Cannabinoids and the addictive effects of nicotine 77. Cannabinoid Regulation of Intraocular Pressure: Human and Animal Studies, Cellular and Molecular Targets 78. Ocular Delivery of Tetrahydrocannabinol 79. The role of g-aminobutyric acid in the interoceptive effects of oral D9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans 80. The role of the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in diabetes mellitus 81. Cannabidiol: An Overview of its Antipsychotic Properties 82. Cannabidiol for the treatment of epilepsy: an overview of possible mechanisms of action and preclinical and human studies 83. Cannabidiol and neuroprotection: evidence from preclinical studies 84. Cannabinoids as Potent Inhibitors of Human CYP1 Enzymes 85. Nabilone: Pharmacology and Clinical Applications (Suggest: The Synthetic Analogue of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): Nabilone. Pharmacology and Clinical Application) 86. Synthetic cannabinoids in dementia 87. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists ("Spice") as new recreational psychoactive substances 88. Accidents and synthetic cannabinoids in blood of drivers 89. Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids for cancer patients: Multiple palliative indications together with promising laboratory anti-neoplastic effects 90. The Use of Medical Marijuana in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders 91. Beneficial effects of cannabis and related compounds on sleep 92. Cannabinoids for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome 93. Cannabidiol and multiple sclerosis 94. Cannabinoids and Effects on Painful Neuropathy 95. Cannabis for basal ganglia disorders (Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease) 96. Medical cannabis for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease 97. Cannabidiol for the treatment of drug use disorders 98. Cannabinoids and the effects on gastrointestinal tract: a focus on motility 99. Potential medical uses of cannabigerol: a brief overview 100. The Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and applications 101. Screening of synthetic cannabinoids 102. On-site Drug testing for Cannabis 103. Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid: Identification and Interpretation of Analytical Results 104. Cannabinoids in exhaled breath 105. Barriers to treatment seeking for cannabis dependence 106. Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorders 107. Self-Initiated Cannabis Use Cessation in Adolescents and Emerging Adults 108. Treating cannabis dependent adolescents with family therapy 109. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Cannabis Use Disorder 110. Cannabis withdrawal symptoms in cannabis and poly drug users 111. School-based cannabis prevention programs 112. The CapOpus trial for cannabis use disorders 113. Treating cannabis use disorders through technology assisted interventions: the telephone and internet 114. Reducing cannabis use with a real-time intervention using mobile technology 115. Further information: Cannabis Neuropathology Resources and Recommended ReadingOnline Only Chapters:1. Tetrahydrocannabinol concentration and genetic characterization of cannabis.2. Cannabis Use in Youth Subcultures3. Aggressive Behavior and Cannabis Use4. COMT genotypes, cannabis use and psychosis: gene-environment interaction evidence from human populations and its methodological concerns5. Neuroimaging and genetics of acute and chronic cannabis effects6. Grey matter, lateral ventricle volumes and executive functioning in cannabis users with first-episode psychosis7. Comorbidity Between Cannabis Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Potential Moderators 8. Cannabis and Oral Bones: Deleterious Effects on Periodontitis and Dental Implants9. Does cannabis use increase the risk of developing cancer in humans? 10. Cannabis and the use of amphetamine-like substances11. Cannabinoid signaling in glioma cells and therapeutic implications12. Cannabidiol as antioxidants13. The anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD).14. New Ethological and Morphological Perspectives for the Investigation of Panicolytic-Like Effects of Cannabidiol15. Spice Use amongst United States Military Personnel16. Cannabis use in fibromyalgia17. Short instruments to screen for "problematic" cannabis use in general population surveys: a systematic review18. Self-report of cannabis use19. CANDIS Program: Modular Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders20. Engaging Cannabis Users in Treatment

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

• 1. The Cannabis Plant: Botanical Aspects 2. The biosynthesis of cannabinoids 3. Increasing plant concentrations of THC and implications on health related disorders 3. Age as a Predictor of Cannabis Use 4. Lifetime cannabis use and cognition in psychosis spectrum disorders 5. A Profile of Synthetic Cannabinoid Users 6. Dual disorders in cannabis misuse 7. Cannabis use and cognitive function 8. Cannabis, migration and psychosis onset 9. The global epidemiology and disease burden of cannabis use and dependence 10. International aspects of cannabis use and misuse – the Australian perspective 11. International aspects of cannabis use and misuse: Egypt 12. Cannabis Body Packing – A Caribbean Perspective 13. Gender differences in cannabis use disorders 14. The role of age in the onset and further development of cannabis use disorders 15. Effects of Cannabis Use on Neurocognition in Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Psychiatric Comorbidities 16. Correlates and consequences of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE): identifying and characterizing vulnerable maternal populations and determining outcomes for exposed offspring 17. Cannabis and clubbing: Relevance of cannabis and polydrug use in the clubbing culture today 18. Cannabis and Sexual Behavior 19. Friendships and Cannabis Use 20. Students’ knowledge of cannabis 21. Childhood trauma and cannabis - risk factors in severe mental disorders 22. Parent’s Influence on Their Children’s Cannabis Use 23. Cannabis Users and Premorbid Intellectual Quotient (IQ) 24. Cannabis and traffic accidents 25. Drug-related pictures, attentional bias, and cannabis use 26. Cannabis use and first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) 27. Cannabis, associative memory, fMRI, and the Implicit Association Test 28. Stress Response in Cannabis Users and Psychosis 29. Motivation in Chronic Cannabis Use 30. Cannabis use and its association to mental illness: a focus on mood and anxiety disorders 31. Cannabis Use and Well-being 32. Craving and cannabis: A potential paradox 33. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and catalepsy-like immobilization 34. The interactive nature of cannabis and schizophrenia risk genes 35. Neuroimaging findings in Adolescent Cannabis use and Early Phase Psychosis 36. Cannabis smoking in adult schizophrenia: A cognitive and functional magnetic resonance imaging perspective 37. The long-lasting effects of cannabis use on movement and brain regions that control movement 38. Assessment of cannabis acute effects on driving skills: laboratory, simulator and on road studies 39. Chronic cannabis use and axonal fibre connectivity 40. Microglial activation and cannabis exposure 41. Cannabis and psychosis: correlation, causality and consequences 42. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders in bipolar disorder – causes and consequences 43. Cannabis use in epilepsy – risks and benefits 44. Cannabis, cannabinoids and visceral pain. 45. Cannabis and Post-Operative Analgesia 46. Chronic cannabis abuse and thyroid function 47. Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome 48. Cannabis and Cannabinoids and the effects on gastrointestinal function: an overview 49. Cardiovascular Effects of Cannabis Usage 50. Cannabis and Stroke 51. Cannabis Smoking and the Lung 52. Cannabis and hepatic injury 53. Cannabis allergy: more than a bad trip 54. Marijuana and Breastfeeding 55. Hypocretins/orexins and addiction: role in cannabinoid dependence 56. Regulatory role of cannabinoids for skin barrier functions and cutaneous inflammation 57. Cannabinoids and the Cannabinoid Receptors: An Overview 58. Signalling and Regulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor 59. Allosteric modulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor 60. The polymorphisms of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor 61. Chemistry of Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists 62. The endocannabinoid system as a target for new antiseizure drugs 63. Pharmacological aspects of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyglycerol as bioactive lipids 64. Pharmacological aspects of NMDA receptors, mGluR5, and endocannabinoids 65. Peripheral CB1 receptors and ghrelin in feeding regulation. Pharmacological implications. 66. Pharmacological aspects of novel antiobesity agents related to cannabinoids 67. Cannabinoid reward and dependence: Focus on the main psychoactive ingredients of marijuana in preclinical studies 68. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and cannabinoids VRP suggested Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and cannabinoids 69. The Protein-Protein interactions of CRIP1a and cannabinoid 1 receptor: the molecular mechanism study through an integrated molecular modeling approach 70. Synthetic cannabinoids: A summary of selected phenomena with respect to behavioral pharmacology and abuse liability 72. The role of 5-HT1A receptor and nausea and vomiting relief by cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabigerol (CBG) 73. Genetic and molecular aspects of addiction with tetrahydrocannabinol 74. Effects of dlta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in human breast cancer 75. Δ9-THC and COX-2 Signaling 76. Cannabinoids and the addictive effects of nicotine 77. Cannabinoid Regulation of Intraocular Pressure: Human and Animal Studies, Cellular and Molecular Targets 78. Ocular Delivery of Tetrahydrocannabinol 79. The role of g-aminobutyric acid in the interoceptive effects of oral D9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans 80. The role of the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in diabetes mellitus 81. Cannabidiol: An Overview of its Antipsychotic Properties 82. Cannabidiol for the treatment of epilepsy: an overview of possible mechanisms of action and preclinical and human studies 83. Cannabidiol and neuroprotection: evidence from preclinical studies 84. Cannabinoids as Potent Inhibitors of Human CYP1 Enzymes 85. Nabilone: Pharmacology and Clinical Applications (Suggest: The Synthetic Analogue of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): Nabilone. Pharmacology and Clinical Application) 86. Synthetic cannabinoids in dementia 87. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists ("Spice") as new recreational psychoactive substances 88. Accidents and synthetic cannabinoids in blood of drivers 89. Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids for cancer patients: Multiple palliative indications together with promising laboratory anti-neoplastic effects 90. The Use of Medical Marijuana in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders 91. Beneficial effects of cannabis and related compounds on sleep 92. Cannabinoids for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome 93. Cannabidiol and multiple sclerosis 94. Cannabinoids and Effects on Painful Neuropathy 95. Cannabis for basal ganglia disorders (Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease) 96. Medical cannabis for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease 97. Cannabidiol for the treatment of drug use disorders 98. Cannabinoids and the effects on gastrointestinal tract: a focus on motility 99. Potential medical uses of cannabigerol: a brief overview 100. The Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and applications 101. Screening of synthetic cannabinoids 102. On-site Drug testing for Cannabis 103. Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid: Identification and Interpretation of Analytical Results 104. Cannabinoids in exhaled breath 105. Barriers to treatment seeking for cannabis dependence 106. Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorders 107. Self-Initiated Cannabis Use Cessation in Adolescents and Emerging Adults 108. Treating cannabis dependent adolescents with family therapy 109. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Cannabis Use Disorder 110. Cannabis withdrawal symptoms in cannabis and poly drug users 111. School-based cannabis prevention programs 112. The CapOpus trial for cannabis use disorders 113. Treating cannabis use disorders through technology assisted interventions: the telephone and internet 114. Reducing cannabis use with a real-time intervention using mobile technology 115. Further information: Cannabis Neuropathology Resources and Recommended ReadingOnline Only Chapters:1. Tetrahydrocannabinol concentration and genetic characterization of cannabis.2. Cannabis Use in Youth Subcultures3. Aggressive Behavior and Cannabis Use4. COMT genotypes, cannabis use and psychosis: gene-environment interaction evidence from human populations and its methodological concerns5. Neuroimaging and genetics of acute and chronic cannabis effects6. Grey matter, lateral ventricle volumes and executive functioning in cannabis users with first-episode psychosis7. Comorbidity Between Cannabis Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Potential Moderators 8. Cannabis and Oral Bones: Deleterious Effects on Periodontitis and Dental Implants9. Does cannabis use increase the risk of developing cancer in humans? 10. Cannabis and the use of amphetamine-like substances11. Cannabinoid signaling in glioma cells and therapeutic implications12. Cannabidiol as antioxidants13. The anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD).14. New Ethological and Morphological Perspectives for the Investigation of Panicolytic-Like Effects of Cannabidiol15. Spice Use amongst United States Military Personnel16. Cannabis use in fibromyalgia17. Short instruments to screen for "problematic" cannabis use in general population surveys: a systematic review18. Self-report of cannabis use19. CANDIS Program: Modular Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders20. Engaging Cannabis Users in Treatment

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

• 1. The Cannabis Plant: Botanical Aspects 2. The biosynthesis of cannabinoids 3. Increasing plant concentrations of THC and implications on health related disorders 3. Age as a Predictor of Cannabis Use 4. Lifetime cannabis use and cognition in psychosis spectrum disorders 5. A Profile of Synthetic Cannabinoid Users 6. Dual disorders in cannabis misuse 7. Cannabis use and cognitive function 8. Cannabis, migration and psychosis onset 9. The global epidemiology and disease burden of cannabis use and dependence 10. International aspects of cannabis use and misuse – the Australian perspective 11. International aspects of cannabis use and misuse: Egypt 12. Cannabis Body Packing – A Caribbean Perspective 13. Gender differences in cannabis use disorders 14. The role of age in the onset and further development of cannabis use disorders 15. Effects of Cannabis Use on Neurocognition in Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Psychiatric Comorbidities 16. Correlates and consequences of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE): identifying and characterizing vulnerable maternal populations and determining outcomes for exposed offspring 17. Cannabis and clubbing: Relevance of cannabis and polydrug use in the clubbing culture today 18. Cannabis and Sexual Behavior 19. Friendships and Cannabis Use 20. Students’ knowledge of cannabis 21. Childhood trauma and cannabis - risk factors in severe mental disorders 22. Parent’s Influence on Their Children’s Cannabis Use 23. Cannabis Users and Premorbid Intellectual Quotient (IQ) 24. Cannabis and traffic accidents 25. Drug-related pictures, attentional bias, and cannabis use 26. Cannabis use and first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) 27. Cannabis, associative memory, fMRI, and the Implicit Association Test 28. Stress Response in Cannabis Users and Psychosis 29. Motivation in Chronic Cannabis Use 30. Cannabis use and its association to mental illness: a focus on mood and anxiety disorders 31. Cannabis Use and Well-being 32. Craving and cannabis: A potential paradox 33. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and catalepsy-like immobilization 34. The interactive nature of cannabis and schizophrenia risk genes 35. Neuroimaging findings in Adolescent Cannabis use and Early Phase Psychosis 36. Cannabis smoking in adult schizophrenia: A cognitive and functional magnetic resonance imaging perspective 37. The long-lasting effects of cannabis use on movement and brain regions that control movement 38. Assessment of cannabis acute effects on driving skills: laboratory, simulator and on road studies 39. Chronic cannabis use and axonal fibre connectivity 40. Microglial activation and cannabis exposure 41. Cannabis and psychosis: correlation, causality and consequences 42. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders in bipolar disorder – causes and consequences 43. Cannabis use in epilepsy – risks and benefits 44. Cannabis, cannabinoids and visceral pain. 45. Cannabis and Post-Operative Analgesia 46. Chronic cannabis abuse and thyroid function 47. Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome 48. Cannabis and Cannabinoids and the effects on gastrointestinal function: an overview 49. Cardiovascular Effects of Cannabis Usage 50. Cannabis and Stroke 51. Cannabis Smoking and the Lung 52. Cannabis and hepatic injury 53. Cannabis allergy: more than a bad trip 54. Marijuana and Breastfeeding 55. Hypocretins/orexins and addiction: role in cannabinoid dependence 56. Regulatory role of cannabinoids for skin barrier functions and cutaneous inflammation 57. Cannabinoids and the Cannabinoid Receptors: An Overview 58. Signalling and Regulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor 59. Allosteric modulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor 60. The polymorphisms of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor 61. Chemistry of Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists 62. The endocannabinoid system as a target for new antiseizure drugs 63. Pharmacological aspects of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyglycerol as bioactive lipids 64. Pharmacological aspects of NMDA receptors, mGluR5, and endocannabinoids 65. Peripheral CB1 receptors and ghrelin in feeding regulation. Pharmacological implications. 66. Pharmacological aspects of novel antiobesity agents related to cannabinoids 67. Cannabinoid reward and dependence: Focus on the main psychoactive ingredients of marijuana in preclinical studies 68. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and cannabinoids VRP suggested Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and cannabinoids 69. The Protein-Protein interactions of CRIP1a and cannabinoid 1 receptor: the molecular mechanism study through an integrated molecular modeling approach 70. Synthetic cannabinoids: A summary of selected phenomena with respect to behavioral pharmacology and abuse liability 72. The role of 5-HT1A receptor and nausea and vomiting relief by cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabigerol (CBG) 73. Genetic and molecular aspects of addiction with tetrahydrocannabinol 74. Effects of dlta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in human breast cancer 75. Δ9-THC and COX-2 Signaling 76. Cannabinoids and the addictive effects of nicotine 77. Cannabinoid Regulation of Intraocular Pressure: Human and Animal Studies, Cellular and Molecular Targets 78. Ocular Delivery of Tetrahydrocannabinol 79. The role of g-aminobutyric acid in the interoceptive effects of oral D9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans 80. The role of the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in diabetes mellitus 81. Cannabidiol: An Overview of its Antipsychotic Properties 82. Cannabidiol for the treatment of epilepsy: an overview of possible mechanisms of action and preclinical and human studies 83. Cannabidiol and neuroprotection: evidence from preclinical studies 84. Cannabinoids as Potent Inhibitors of Human CYP1 Enzymes 85. Nabilone: Pharmacology and Clinical Applications (Suggest: The Synthetic Analogue of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): Nabilone. Pharmacology and Clinical Application) 86. Synthetic cannabinoids in dementia 87. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists ("Spice") as new recreational psychoactive substances 88. Accidents and synthetic cannabinoids in blood of drivers 89. Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids for cancer patients: Multiple palliative indications together with promising laboratory anti-neoplastic effects 90. The Use of Medical Marijuana in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders 91. Beneficial effects of cannabis and related compounds on sleep 92. Cannabinoids for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome 93. Cannabidiol and multiple sclerosis 94. Cannabinoids and Effects on Painful Neuropathy 95. Cannabis for basal ganglia disorders (Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease) 96. Medical cannabis for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease 97. Cannabidiol for the treatment of drug use disorders 98. Cannabinoids and the effects on gastrointestinal tract: a focus on motility 99. Potential medical uses of cannabigerol: a brief overview 100. The Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and applications 101. Screening of synthetic cannabinoids 102. On-site Drug testing for Cannabis 103. Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid: Identification and Interpretation of Analytical Results 104. Cannabinoids in exhaled breath 105. Barriers to treatment seeking for cannabis dependence 106. Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorders 107. Self-Initiated Cannabis Use Cessation in Adolescents and Emerging Adults 108. Treating cannabis dependent adolescents with family therapy 109. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Cannabis Use Disorder 110. Cannabis withdrawal symptoms in cannabis and poly drug users 111. School-based cannabis prevention programs 112. The CapOpus trial for cannabis use disorders 113. Treating cannabis use disorders through technology assisted interventions: the telephone and internet 114. Reducing cannabis use with a real-time intervention using mobile technology 115. Further information: Cannabis Neuropathology Resources and Recommended ReadingOnline Only Chapters:1. Tetrahydrocannabinol concentration and genetic characterization of cannabis.2. Cannabis Use in Youth Subcultures3. Aggressive Behavior and Cannabis Use4. COMT genotypes, cannabis use and psychosis: gene-environment interaction evidence from human populations and its methodological concerns5. Neuroimaging and genetics of acute and chronic cannabis effects6. Grey matter, lateral ventricle volumes and executive functioning in cannabis users with first-episode psychosis7. Comorbidity Between Cannabis Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Potential Moderators 8. Cannabis and Oral Bones: Deleterious Effects on Periodontitis and Dental Implants9. Does cannabis use increase the risk of developing cancer in humans? 10. Cannabis and the use of amphetamine-like substances11. Cannabinoid signaling in glioma cells and therapeutic implications12. Cannabidiol as antioxidants13. The anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD).14. New Ethological and Morphological Perspectives for the Investigation of Panicolytic-Like Effects of Cannabidiol15. Spice Use amongst United States Military Personnel16. Cannabis use in fibromyalgia17. Short instruments to screen for "problematic" cannabis use in general population surveys: a systematic review18. Self-report of cannabis use19. CANDIS Program: Modular Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders20. Engaging Cannabis Users in Treatment