Handbook of Affective Polarization

Edited by Mariano Torcal, Professor of Political Science, ICREA Scholar, and Director, Research and Expertise Centre for Survey Methodology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain and Eelco Harteveld, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

• Contents1 Introduction to the Handbook of Affective Polarization 1Mariano Torcal and Eelco HarteveldPART I THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL DEBATES2 Conceptualizing affective polarization 21Shanto Iyengar and Markus Wagner3 Affective polarization and political theory 34Manon WestphalPART II OPERATIONALIZATION4 Measuring affective polarization 51Ryan E. Carlin and Gregory J. Love5 Operationalizing affective polarization in multiparty systems 67Mariano Torcal and Josep Maria Comellas6 Affective polarization and qualitative methods 85Lena RöllickePART III AFFECTIVE POLARIZATION AROUND THE WORLD7 Affective polarization in the USA 101Marc J. Hetherington and Thomas J. Rudolph8 Affective polarization in Europe 115Andres Reiljan9 Affective polarization in Latin America 133Juan A. Moraes and Sergio Béjar10 Affective polarization in East Asia 148Yi-ching Hsiao and Eric Chen-hua YuPART IV ANTECEDENTS OF AFFECTIVE POLARIZATIONSection 4.1Identities 11 Partisanship and affective polarization 162Alexa Bankert and Andrew L. Stone12 Negative partisanship and affective polarization 178Luana Russo and João Areal13 Threats, emotions and affective polarization 192Emma A. Renström and Hanna BäckSection 4.2Ideological roots14 Ideology and affective polarization 206Emma Turkenburg and Patrick van Erkel15 Affective polarization around issues 220Sara B. Hobolt and James TilleySection 4.3Social roots16 Social sorting and affective polarization 232Lilliana Mason and Peter Luca Versteegen17 Political stereotypes and affective polarization 250Eelco HarteveldSection 4.4Political competition18 Party competition and affective polarization 262Eva Anduiza, Daniel Balinhas and Enrique Hernández19 Populism and affective polarization 276Nayantara Ranganatha, Dániel Komáromy and Matthijs RooduijnSection 4.5Communication20 Interpersonal communication and affective polarization 291Eran Amsalem21 Negative campaigning and affective polarization 301Alessandro Nai and Elizabeth L. Young22 Social media and affective polarization 319Guy Reisman and Shira Dvir-GvirsmanSection 4.6Economy 23 The economy and affective polarization 337Will Horne, James Adams and Noam GidronPART V CONSEQUENCES OF AFFECTIVE POLARIZATION24 Affective polarization, representation, and accountability 352David Sulmont and José Incio25 Affective polarization and social cohesion 363Mariano Torcal, Dietlind Stolle and Zoe A. Thomson26 Affective polarization, democratic norms, and support for elitetransgression 379Andrej Kokkonen and Eelco Harteveld27 Affective polarization and democratic backsliding 393Murat Somer and Jennifer McCoy28 Affective polarization and political violence 405Lars Erik BerntzenPART VISOLUTIONS29 Interventions targeting affective polarization: intergroup contact 419Dominik A. Stecuła30 Interventions targeting affective polarization: media, journalism, andtechnology 435Jay D. Hmielowski, Myiah J. Hutchens and Michael A. Beam

‘This is a fantastic resource! There is broad consensus that affective polarization is one of the most pernicious democratic challenges of our time, but limited agreement on how to define, measure, explain, or mitigate it. The Handbook of Affective Polarization provides a state-of-the-art overview written by top scholars in the field.’