Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III, Ph.D., is vice provost for global affairs as well as chair and Mayor George Christopher Professor of Public Administration at Golden Gate University. He founded GGU’s law enforcement and security program and is a San Francisco advocate for the safety and security of Filipino American kids and their families. Roger L. Kemp, Ph.D., ICMA-CM, has been a city manager on both the East and West coasts for more than 25 years. He is presently Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Public Administration at Golden Gate University and a Fellow of The Academy of Political Science.

• Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPrefacePart I: Introduction1. Second AmendmentEmily Costa2. Most Americans Believe We Should Have Gun RegulationAnn Christiano and Annie Neimand3. History of the National FirearmsU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives4. What Are “Firearms” Under the National Firearms Act?U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives5. Quantifying the Social Cost of Firearms: A New Approach to Gun ControlTimothy M. Smith6. Analysis: I Was a Teenage Rifle Owner, Then an ER Doctor: Assault Weapons Shouldn’t Count as “Guns”Elisabeth RosenthalPart II: Challenges and Solutions• A. Federal Safety Regulations •7. Project Guardian and Project Safe NeighborhoodsU.S. Department of Justice8. The Bureau and Law EnforcementU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives9. NIBIN, CGICs, and eTraceU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives10. Five Federal Policies on Guns You’ve Never HeardSuevon Lee11. Extreme Risk Protection Order Model LegislationU.S. Department of Justice12. Definition of “Frame or Receiver” and Identification of FirearmsU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives13. Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached “Stabilizing Braces”U.S. Department of Justice14. Republicans Say No to CDC Gun Violence ResearchLois Beckett• B. State Safety Regulations •15. More States Are Allowing Guns on College CampusesNeal H. Hutchens and Kerry B. Melear16. Mass Shootings Do Little to Change State Gun LawsJoaquin Sapien17. New Public Database Reveals Striking Differences in How Guns Are Regulated from State to StateMichael Siegel and Molly Pahn18. California Firearms Laws SummaryCalifornia Office of the Attorney General19. Becoming a DOJ Certified InstructorCalifornia Department of Justice20. Firearms and ToolmarksUtah Department of Public Safety21. Weapons and SchoolsWashington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction22. Clashes in the Capital: Public Opinion on Virginia’s New Gun LegislationCenter for Public Policy at VCU’s Wilder School23. “Red Flag” Gun Laws Get Another Look After Indiana, Colorado ShootingsChristie Aschwanden24. Summary of State and Federal Machine Gun LawsVeronica Rose and Meghan Reilly• C. Cities and Communities •25. Gun Violence: It Can Happen AnywhereRon Carlee26. Firearm Regulation and CitiesLeague of Minnesota Cities27. Forget Lanes—We All Need to Head Together Toward Preventing Firearm InjuryMichael Hirsh28. Battling the Bullets from the Operating Room to the CommunityLaura Ungar29. DC’s Harllee Harper Is Using Public Health Tools to Prevent Gun Violence: Will It Work?Amanda Michelle Gomez30. Civic Engagement, Guns, Constitutional Rights and ASPADon Klingner31. How the Gun Control Debate Ignores Black LivesLois Beckett32. The FinalChaseedaw Giles• D. Firearms Industry and Associations •33. The Road to Responsible Gun OwnershipNational Shooting Sports Foundation34. The American Public Has Power Over the Gun Business—Why Doesn’t It UseBrian DeLay35. How the U.S. Government Created and Coddled the Gun IndustryBrian DeLay36. Is the NRA an Educational Organization? A Lobby Group? A Nonprofit? A Media Outlet?Samuel Brunson37. The NRA’s Video Channel Is a Hotbed of Online HostilityAdam G. Klein• E. Schools and Children •38. Arming ­­Non-Teaching StaffIan Smith39. Searching for Safety: Where Children Hide When Gunfire Is All Too CommonCara Anthony40. Why Trump’s Idea to Arm Teachers May Miss the MarkAimee Huff and Michelle Barnhart41. Books, Binders, ­­Bleed-Control Kits: How School Shootings Are Changing Classroom BasicsSandy West• F. Active Shooters, Mass Shootings, and Homicides •42. Fired! Is Your Community Ready for an Active Shooter?Rod Gould and Jack Brown43. Most Mass Killers Are Men Who Have Also Attacked FamilyLisa Aronson Fontes44. Dealing with Terrorist ThreatsSean Britton45. Orlando Paramedics Didn’t Go in to Save Victims of the Pulse ShootingAbe Aboraya• G. Mental Health and Suicide •46. Myth vs. Fact: Violence and Mental HealthLois Beckett47. More Mental Health Care Won’t Stop the Gun Epidemic, New Study SuggestsTom Wickizer, Evan V. Goldstein, and Laura Prater48. Among U.S. States, New York’s Suicide Rate Is the Lowest. How’s That?Michelle Andrews49. What Happens After a Campus Suicide Is a Form of Prevention,Aneri Pattani50. Five First Responders to the Pulse Massacre. One Diagnosis: PTSDAbe Aboraya• H. Covid Pandemic •51. As Anxieties Rise, Californians Buy Hundreds of Thousands More GunsPhillip Reese52. Homicides Surge in California Amid Covid Shutdowns of Schools, Youth ProgramsPhillip Reese52. Despite Pandemic, Trauma Centers See No End to “The Visible Virus of Violence”Giles Bruce54. Federalism and Its DisTable of Contents: Guns, Germs and InsurrectionAlan H. Kennedy55. Keeping Our Neighbors SafeSarah SweeneyPart III: The Future56. What Makes a “Smart Gun” SmartDonald Sebastian57. Do Americans Want to Buy “Smart” Guns?Lacey Wallace58. License and Registration, Please: How Regulating Guns Like Cars Could Improve SafetyKeith Guzik and Gary T. Marx59. People Who Shoot Risk Unhealthy Levels of Lead ExposureMark A.S. Laidlaw, Andrew Ball, Brian Gulson, Gabriel Filippelli, and Howard Walter Mielke60. Gunning for Understanding: Facebook and the Gun Control Debate in AmericaMaggie CallahanAppendicesAppendix A: Glossary of Gun Safety Terms and AcronymsAlan R. RoperAppendix B: Proclamation Declaring June 4, 2021, National Gun Violence Awareness DayCity of Lafayette, ColoradoAppendix C: Expressing Support for the Designation of June 4, 2021, as “National Gun Violence Awareness Day” and June 2021 as “National Gun Violence Awareness Month”U.S. CongressAppendix D: Prohibiting Firearms at Work, LMC Model PolicyLeague of Minnesota CitiesAbout the ContributorsIndex

Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III, Ph.D., is vice provost for global affairs as well as chair and Mayor George Christopher Professor of Public Administration at Golden Gate University. He founded GGU’s law enforcement and security program and is a San Francisco advocate for the safety and security of Filipino American kids and their families. Roger L. Kemp, Ph.D., ICMA-CM, has been a city manager on both the East and West coasts for more than 25 years. He is presently Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Public Administration at Golden Gate University and a Fellow of The Academy of Political Science.

• Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPrefacePart I: Introduction1. Second AmendmentEmily Costa2. Most Americans Believe We Should Have Gun RegulationAnn Christiano and Annie Neimand3. History of the National FirearmsU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives4. What Are “Firearms” Under the National Firearms Act?U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives5. Quantifying the Social Cost of Firearms: A New Approach to Gun ControlTimothy M. Smith6. Analysis: I Was a Teenage Rifle Owner, Then an ER Doctor: Assault Weapons Shouldn’t Count as “Guns”Elisabeth RosenthalPart II: Challenges and Solutions• A. Federal Safety Regulations •7. Project Guardian and Project Safe NeighborhoodsU.S. Department of Justice8. The Bureau and Law EnforcementU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives9. NIBIN, CGICs, and eTraceU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives10. Five Federal Policies on Guns You’ve Never HeardSuevon Lee11. Extreme Risk Protection Order Model LegislationU.S. Department of Justice12. Definition of “Frame or Receiver” and Identification of FirearmsU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives13. Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached “Stabilizing Braces”U.S. Department of Justice14. Republicans Say No to CDC Gun Violence ResearchLois Beckett• B. State Safety Regulations •15. More States Are Allowing Guns on College CampusesNeal H. Hutchens and Kerry B. Melear16. Mass Shootings Do Little to Change State Gun LawsJoaquin Sapien17. New Public Database Reveals Striking Differences in How Guns Are Regulated from State to StateMichael Siegel and Molly Pahn18. California Firearms Laws SummaryCalifornia Office of the Attorney General19. Becoming a DOJ Certified InstructorCalifornia Department of Justice20. Firearms and ToolmarksUtah Department of Public Safety21. Weapons and SchoolsWashington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction22. Clashes in the Capital: Public Opinion on Virginia’s New Gun LegislationCenter for Public Policy at VCU’s Wilder School23. “Red Flag” Gun Laws Get Another Look After Indiana, Colorado ShootingsChristie Aschwanden24. Summary of State and Federal Machine Gun LawsVeronica Rose and Meghan Reilly• C. Cities and Communities •25. Gun Violence: It Can Happen AnywhereRon Carlee26. Firearm Regulation and CitiesLeague of Minnesota Cities27. Forget Lanes—We All Need to Head Together Toward Preventing Firearm InjuryMichael Hirsh28. Battling the Bullets from the Operating Room to the CommunityLaura Ungar29. DC’s Harllee Harper Is Using Public Health Tools to Prevent Gun Violence: Will It Work?Amanda Michelle Gomez30. Civic Engagement, Guns, Constitutional Rights and ASPADon Klingner31. How the Gun Control Debate Ignores Black LivesLois Beckett32. The FinalChaseedaw Giles• D. Firearms Industry and Associations •33. The Road to Responsible Gun OwnershipNational Shooting Sports Foundation34. The American Public Has Power Over the Gun Business—Why Doesn’t It UseBrian DeLay35. How the U.S. Government Created and Coddled the Gun IndustryBrian DeLay36. Is the NRA an Educational Organization? A Lobby Group? A Nonprofit? A Media Outlet?Samuel Brunson37. The NRA’s Video Channel Is a Hotbed of Online HostilityAdam G. Klein• E. Schools and Children •38. Arming ­­Non-Teaching StaffIan Smith39. Searching for Safety: Where Children Hide When Gunfire Is All Too CommonCara Anthony40. Why Trump’s Idea to Arm Teachers May Miss the MarkAimee Huff and Michelle Barnhart41. Books, Binders, ­­Bleed-Control Kits: How School Shootings Are Changing Classroom BasicsSandy West• F. Active Shooters, Mass Shootings, and Homicides •42. Fired! Is Your Community Ready for an Active Shooter?Rod Gould and Jack Brown43. Most Mass Killers Are Men Who Have Also Attacked FamilyLisa Aronson Fontes44. Dealing with Terrorist ThreatsSean Britton45. Orlando Paramedics Didn’t Go in to Save Victims of the Pulse ShootingAbe Aboraya• G. Mental Health and Suicide •46. Myth vs. Fact: Violence and Mental HealthLois Beckett47. More Mental Health Care Won’t Stop the Gun Epidemic, New Study SuggestsTom Wickizer, Evan V. Goldstein, and Laura Prater48. Among U.S. States, New York’s Suicide Rate Is the Lowest. How’s That?Michelle Andrews49. What Happens After a Campus Suicide Is a Form of Prevention,Aneri Pattani50. Five First Responders to the Pulse Massacre. One Diagnosis: PTSDAbe Aboraya• H. Covid Pandemic •51. As Anxieties Rise, Californians Buy Hundreds of Thousands More GunsPhillip Reese52. Homicides Surge in California Amid Covid Shutdowns of Schools, Youth ProgramsPhillip Reese52. Despite Pandemic, Trauma Centers See No End to “The Visible Virus of Violence”Giles Bruce54. Federalism and Its DisTable of Contents: Guns, Germs and InsurrectionAlan H. Kennedy55. Keeping Our Neighbors SafeSarah SweeneyPart III: The Future56. What Makes a “Smart Gun” SmartDonald Sebastian57. Do Americans Want to Buy “Smart” Guns?Lacey Wallace58. License and Registration, Please: How Regulating Guns Like Cars Could Improve SafetyKeith Guzik and Gary T. Marx59. People Who Shoot Risk Unhealthy Levels of Lead ExposureMark A.S. Laidlaw, Andrew Ball, Brian Gulson, Gabriel Filippelli, and Howard Walter Mielke60. Gunning for Understanding: Facebook and the Gun Control Debate in AmericaMaggie CallahanAppendicesAppendix A: Glossary of Gun Safety Terms and AcronymsAlan R. RoperAppendix B: Proclamation Declaring June 4, 2021, National Gun Violence Awareness DayCity of Lafayette, ColoradoAppendix C: Expressing Support for the Designation of June 4, 2021, as “National Gun Violence Awareness Day” and June 2021 as “National Gun Violence Awareness Month”U.S. CongressAppendix D: Prohibiting Firearms at Work, LMC Model PolicyLeague of Minnesota CitiesAbout the ContributorsIndex

Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III, Ph.D., is vice provost for global affairs as well as chair and Mayor George Christopher Professor of Public Administration at Golden Gate University. He founded GGU’s law enforcement and security program and is a San Francisco advocate for the safety and security of Filipino American kids and their families. Roger L. Kemp, Ph.D., ICMA-CM, has been a city manager on both the East and West coasts for more than 25 years. He is presently Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Public Administration at Golden Gate University and a Fellow of The Academy of Political Science.

• Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPrefacePart I: Introduction1. Second AmendmentEmily Costa2. Most Americans Believe We Should Have Gun RegulationAnn Christiano and Annie Neimand3. History of the National FirearmsU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives4. What Are “Firearms” Under the National Firearms Act?U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives5. Quantifying the Social Cost of Firearms: A New Approach to Gun ControlTimothy M. Smith6. Analysis: I Was a Teenage Rifle Owner, Then an ER Doctor: Assault Weapons Shouldn’t Count as “Guns”Elisabeth RosenthalPart II: Challenges and Solutions• A. Federal Safety Regulations •7. Project Guardian and Project Safe NeighborhoodsU.S. Department of Justice8. The Bureau and Law EnforcementU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives9. NIBIN, CGICs, and eTraceU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives10. Five Federal Policies on Guns You’ve Never HeardSuevon Lee11. Extreme Risk Protection Order Model LegislationU.S. Department of Justice12. Definition of “Frame or Receiver” and Identification of FirearmsU.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives13. Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached “Stabilizing Braces”U.S. Department of Justice14. Republicans Say No to CDC Gun Violence ResearchLois Beckett• B. State Safety Regulations •15. More States Are Allowing Guns on College CampusesNeal H. Hutchens and Kerry B. Melear16. Mass Shootings Do Little to Change State Gun LawsJoaquin Sapien17. New Public Database Reveals Striking Differences in How Guns Are Regulated from State to StateMichael Siegel and Molly Pahn18. California Firearms Laws SummaryCalifornia Office of the Attorney General19. Becoming a DOJ Certified InstructorCalifornia Department of Justice20. Firearms and ToolmarksUtah Department of Public Safety21. Weapons and SchoolsWashington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction22. Clashes in the Capital: Public Opinion on Virginia’s New Gun LegislationCenter for Public Policy at VCU’s Wilder School23. “Red Flag” Gun Laws Get Another Look After Indiana, Colorado ShootingsChristie Aschwanden24. Summary of State and Federal Machine Gun LawsVeronica Rose and Meghan Reilly• C. Cities and Communities •25. Gun Violence: It Can Happen AnywhereRon Carlee26. Firearm Regulation and CitiesLeague of Minnesota Cities27. Forget Lanes—We All Need to Head Together Toward Preventing Firearm InjuryMichael Hirsh28. Battling the Bullets from the Operating Room to the CommunityLaura Ungar29. DC’s Harllee Harper Is Using Public Health Tools to Prevent Gun Violence: Will It Work?Amanda Michelle Gomez30. Civic Engagement, Guns, Constitutional Rights and ASPADon Klingner31. How the Gun Control Debate Ignores Black LivesLois Beckett32. The FinalChaseedaw Giles• D. Firearms Industry and Associations •33. The Road to Responsible Gun OwnershipNational Shooting Sports Foundation34. The American Public Has Power Over the Gun Business—Why Doesn’t It UseBrian DeLay35. How the U.S. Government Created and Coddled the Gun IndustryBrian DeLay36. Is the NRA an Educational Organization? A Lobby Group? A Nonprofit? A Media Outlet?Samuel Brunson37. The NRA’s Video Channel Is a Hotbed of Online HostilityAdam G. Klein• E. Schools and Children •38. Arming ­­Non-Teaching StaffIan Smith39. Searching for Safety: Where Children Hide When Gunfire Is All Too CommonCara Anthony40. Why Trump’s Idea to Arm Teachers May Miss the MarkAimee Huff and Michelle Barnhart41. Books, Binders, ­­Bleed-Control Kits: How School Shootings Are Changing Classroom BasicsSandy West• F. Active Shooters, Mass Shootings, and Homicides •42. Fired! Is Your Community Ready for an Active Shooter?Rod Gould and Jack Brown43. Most Mass Killers Are Men Who Have Also Attacked FamilyLisa Aronson Fontes44. Dealing with Terrorist ThreatsSean Britton45. Orlando Paramedics Didn’t Go in to Save Victims of the Pulse ShootingAbe Aboraya• G. Mental Health and Suicide •46. Myth vs. Fact: Violence and Mental HealthLois Beckett47. More Mental Health Care Won’t Stop the Gun Epidemic, New Study SuggestsTom Wickizer, Evan V. Goldstein, and Laura Prater48. Among U.S. States, New York’s Suicide Rate Is the Lowest. How’s That?Michelle Andrews49. What Happens After a Campus Suicide Is a Form of Prevention,Aneri Pattani50. Five First Responders to the Pulse Massacre. One Diagnosis: PTSDAbe Aboraya• H. Covid Pandemic •51. As Anxieties Rise, Californians Buy Hundreds of Thousands More GunsPhillip Reese52. Homicides Surge in California Amid Covid Shutdowns of Schools, Youth ProgramsPhillip Reese52. Despite Pandemic, Trauma Centers See No End to “The Visible Virus of Violence”Giles Bruce54. Federalism and Its DisTable of Contents: Guns, Germs and InsurrectionAlan H. Kennedy55. Keeping Our Neighbors SafeSarah SweeneyPart III: The Future56. What Makes a “Smart Gun” SmartDonald Sebastian57. Do Americans Want to Buy “Smart” Guns?Lacey Wallace58. License and Registration, Please: How Regulating Guns Like Cars Could Improve SafetyKeith Guzik and Gary T. Marx59. People Who Shoot Risk Unhealthy Levels of Lead ExposureMark A.S. Laidlaw, Andrew Ball, Brian Gulson, Gabriel Filippelli, and Howard Walter Mielke60. Gunning for Understanding: Facebook and the Gun Control Debate in AmericaMaggie CallahanAppendicesAppendix A: Glossary of Gun Safety Terms and AcronymsAlan R. RoperAppendix B: Proclamation Declaring June 4, 2021, National Gun Violence Awareness DayCity of Lafayette, ColoradoAppendix C: Expressing Support for the Designation of June 4, 2021, as “National Gun Violence Awareness Day” and June 2021 as “National Gun Violence Awareness Month”U.S. CongressAppendix D: Prohibiting Firearms at Work, LMC Model PolicyLeague of Minnesota CitiesAbout the ContributorsIndex