Guide to Essentials in Emergency Medicine

Shirley Ooi is Chief and Senior Consultant at the Emergency Medicine Department (EMD), National University Hospital and Clinical Associate Professor at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS. She is also an adjunct professor at the Department of Emergency Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Prof Ooi’s passion is in teaching, including teaching of evidence-based medicine. She is also active in research, especially in emergency cardiac care.

• PART 1  COMMON PRESENTATIONS IN ADULT PATIENTS1              Altered Mental State2              Bleeding, Gastrointestinal Tract3              Bleeding, Vaginal, Abnormal4              Blurring of Vision5              Breathlessness, Acute6              Diarrhoea and Vomiting7              Fever8              Giddiness9              Haemoptysis10           Headache11           Hyperventilation12           Jaundice13           Lower Limb Swelling14           Pain, Abdominal15           Pain, Chest, Acute16           Pain, Joint, Peripheral17           Pain, Low Back18           Pain, Scrotal and Penile19           Palpitations20           Poisoning, General Principles21           Red Eye22           Seizure23           Shock/Hypoperfusion States24           Stridor25           Syncope26           Trauma, Multiple, Initial Management27           Urinary Retention, Acute28           Violent and Psychotic Patients29           WeaknessPART 2  SPECIFIC CONDITIONSPART 2A | AIRWAY AND RESUSCITATION               30           Airway Management/Rapid SequenceIntubation31           Allergic   Reactions/Anaphylaxis32           Cardiac Arrest Algorithms33           Cardiogenic Shock34           Neurogenic Shock35           Sepsis/Septic ShockPART 2B | CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES          36           Aortic Emergencies37           Bradydysrhythmias38           Coronary Syndromes, Acute39           Heart Failure, Acute40           Hypertensive Crises41           Limb Ischaemia, Acute42           Pulmonary Embolism43           Tachydysrhythmias44           Venous Emergencies45           Other Heart ConditionsPART 2C | RESPIRATORYEMERGENCIES   46           Asthma47           Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease48           Pneumonia, Community Acquired49           Pneumothorax50           Respiratory Failure, AcutePART 2D | GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES       51           Appendicitis, Acute52           Hepatic Encephalopathy, Acute53           Hepatobiliary Emergencies54           Intestinal Obstruction55           Ischaemic Bowel/Mesenteric Ischaemia56           Pancreatitis, Acute57           Peptic Ulcer Disease/Dyspepsia58           Perianal ConditionsPART 2E | ENDOCRINE/METABOLIC EMERGENCIES            59           Acid-Base Emergencies60           Adrenal Insufficiency, Acute61           Diabetic Ketoacidosis andHyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State62           Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders63           Hypoglycaemia64           Thyroid Emergencies, Thyroid Crisisand MyxoedemaPART 2F | RENAL ANDGENITO-URINARY EMERGENCIES   65           Renal Emergencies66           Urinary Tract Infections67           Urolithiasis<p>PART 2G | NEUROLOGICEMERGENCIES    68           Meningitis69           Migraine, Tension and ClusterHeadache70           Stroke71           Subarachnoid Haemorrhage72           Transient Ischaemic Attack73           Giant Cell ArteritisPART 2H | INFECTIOUSDISEASES 74           Dengue Fever75           Coping with Emerging InfectiousDiseases in the Emergency Department76           Malaria77           Needlestick/Body Fluid Exposure78           TetanusPART 2I | HAEMATOLOGIC/ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES/PALLIATIVECARE79           Administration of Blood Products inthe Emergency Department80           Emergency Anticoagulation Reversal81           Oncologic Emergencies82           Palliative and End-of-life EmergencyCarePART 2J | DERMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES83           Introduction to Dermatology inEmergency Care83A        Inflammatory Dermatological Conditions83B         Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions83C         Infections and the Skin83D        Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIVPost-exposure ProphylaxisPART 2K | GERIATRICEMERGENCIES          84           Geriatric EmergenciesPART 2L | TOXICOLOGY85           Poisoning, Benzodiazepine86           Poisoning, Cyclic Antidepressants87           Poisoning, Organophosphates88           Poisoning, Paracetamol89           Alcohol Intoxication and Poisoningwith Other Alcohols90           Poisoning, Carbon Monoxide91           Poisoning, Digoxin92           Poisoning, Salicylates93           Poisoning, Novel PsychoactiveSubstances94           Poisoning, Serotonin SyndromePART 2M | TOXICOLOGY (INCLUDING BITES)          95           Bites, Mammalian and Human96           Snake-related InjuriesPART 2N | SURGICALAND ORTHOPADIC TRAUMA/INFECTIOUS EMERGENCIES      97           Trauma,Abdominal98           Trauma,Chest99           Trauma,Head100         Trauma and Infections, Hand101         Trauma, Lower Extremity102         Trauma, Maxillofacial103         Trauma, Pelvic104         Trauma, Spinal Cord and Cervical SpineClearance105         Trauma, Upper Extremity106         Wound Care and Management107         CrushSyndrome108         Trauma,Paediatric109         Trauma,in PregnancyPART 2O | ENT EMERGENCIES110         Common Ear, Nose and Throat EmergenciesPART 2P | EYE EMERGENCIES111         Eye EmergenciesPART 2Q | PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES112         Assault (Non-sexual)PART 2R | OBSTETRIC AND GYNAECOLOGIC EMERGENCIES113         Eclampsia114         Ectopic Pregnancy115         Pelvic Inflammatory Disease116         Emergency Delivery of the NewbornPART 2S | ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES          117         Burns, Major118         Burns, Minor119         Electrical and Lightning Injuries120         Hyperbaric Emergencies121         Hyperthermia122         Submersion InjuriesPART 2T | IMAGING          123         Emergency CT Brain Interpretation124         Emergency Ultrasound125         Views of X-rays to Order126         Emergency CT Abdomen and PelvisInterpretation127         Emergency CT Thorax InterpretationPART 2U | PHARMACOLOGY         128         Prescribing in Pregnancy129         Commonly Used Emergency Drugs in Adults130         Drugs to Avoid in G6PD DeficiencyPART 2V | PAEDIATRICEMERGENCIES       131         Child with Acute Abdominal Pain132         Child with Breathlessness133         Child/Baby, Crying134         Child with Diarrhoea135         Child with Fever136         Child, Fitting137         Child with Vomiting138         Paediatric Asthma139         Bronchiolitis140         Fluid Replacement in Paediatrics141         Newborn Resuscitation in the EmergencyDepartment142         Non-accidental Injury in Paediatrics143         Paediatric Drugs and Equipment144         Trauma, Paediatric145         Child with Altered Mental StatePART 2W | MISCELLANEOUS USEFUL INFORMATION         146         Common Emergency Procedures147         Pain Management and Nerve Blocks148         Procedural Sedation149         Simple Statistics