Gridlock

Thomas Hale is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford.David Held is master of University College and professor of politics and international relations at Durham UniversityKevin Young is assistant professor of political science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

• Figures viiiBoxes and Tables xAbbreviations xiiPreface xviiIntroduction 1The Postwar Legacy 4Overview 91 Gridlock 14Building the Postwar Order 18Explaining the Postwar Order: Hegemony versusInstitutions 21The Effect of the Postwar Order: Self-ReinforcingInterdependence 25Roads to Gridlock 34Conclusion 482 Security 49Introduction 49CHANGES IN THE NATURE AND FORM OF SECURITY 51The Interstate System 51Postwar Developments: From the UN to the Cold War 55Institutional Developments and Successes 65Shifting Principles of Global Order 72Post-9/11 Global Security 81GRIDLOCK: DYNAMICS OF INSTITUTIONAL DEFICIT AND MALFUNCTION 84The UN Security Council and the Disarmament Regime 85Complex Intermestic Issues 93Paradigm Shift or Realist Status Quo? 105Conclusion 1123 Economy 113Introduction 113THE EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE 116The Imperial System and Its Demise 116Bretton Woods and the Creation of Multilateral Economic Institutions 120Self-Reinforcing Interdependence and the End of Bretton Woods 130GRIDLOCK IN GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE 152Gridlock in Multilateral Trade Negotiations 154Gridlock in Global Financial Governance 162Global Financial Governance Reform 171Conclusion: A Reembedded Global Market? 1824 Environment 189Introduction: A Zanjera for the Globe? 189GLOBALIZATION OF THE COMMONS AND PARTIAL GLOBALIZATION OF THEIR MANAGEMENT 193Industrial Globalization and the Origins of Modern Environmental Governance 194Postwar Internationalization 198The Modern Environmental Movement 201An Environmental “Bretton Woods”? The Stockholm Compromise and UNEP 206Early Successes, Lingering Challenges 215A New Foundational Moment? From Compromise to Gridlock at Rio 226ENVIRONMENTAL GRIDLOCK 232Self-Reinforcing Interdependence and the Global Environment 232Forests 237Climate Change 251Conclusion: Increasingly Linked Problems, Increasingly Fragmented Governance 2695 Beyond Gridlock? 273From Self-Reinforcing Interdependence to Gridlock 276Trends toward Deepening Gridlock 279National Trends and Gridlock 286The Changed Global Landscape 296Pathways through Gridlock 300Politics beyond Gridlock 306Notes 312References 319Index 350

"A must-read for those thinking about a better global governance."Pascal Lamy, Director-General of the World Trade Organization"Their book is convincing, well written, and sobering."Perspectives on Politics"International institutions are less and less able to solve global problems even as we need them more and more. Gridlock offers a lucid and concise set of explanations for the dysfunction we observe across the security, economic, and environmental arenas. Best of all, by identifying systemic patterns of failure and the underlying causes, the authors are able to put forward a useful set of practical solutions. A great read for policymakers and experts."Anne-Marie Slaughter, Princeton University"There is no shortage of books that make the case for global cooperation; this one explains why we are not getting it. Ranging over international security, the global economy, and the environment, this excellent and sensible book elucidates why our global commons is becoming increasingly unmanageable, as a result in part of the very success of the post-war international system."Dani Rodrik, Harvard University"An eye-opening and encouraging book. Not only does it present an analysis of why global cooperation is failing, but it also offers pathways out of gridlock."Ulrich Beck, University of Munich"In Gridlock, Thomas Hale, David Held, and Kevin Young offer an ambitious and sweeping treatment of contemporary global issues that combines sociology, political economy, and international relations."Peter M. Haas, University of Massachusetts Amherst"It is an accessible, pleasant read thanks to its eloquent prose and remarkable storytelling."Global Policy