Panagiotis E. Petrakis is Professor in the Department of Economics at Nationaland Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, where he serves as Scientifi cCoordinator of Distance Education Training Programs. He was chairman of theDepartment of Economics at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens from2005 to 2009. He is the author of numerous scientifi c articles and monographsand has extensive publications in recognized academic journals on economicdevelopment, entrepreneurship, and cultural background. Kyriaki I. Kafka is Adjunct Lecturer of Economics at the National and KapodistrianUniversity of Athens / Department of Economics. She has published books andarticles in distinguished academic journals including Journal of ComparativeEconomics, Journal of Business Research and Journal of Innovation andKnowledge, and her research interests include economic development andgrowth, cultural economics, institutional economics, entrepreneurship, andinnovation. Pantelis C. Kostis is Adjunct Lecturer of Economics at the National andKapodistrian University of Athens / Department of Economics and the HellenicOpen University, Greece. His research has been published in distinguishedinternational academic journals including Journal of Comparative Economics,Journal of Business Research, Economic Modelling and the Journal of Socio-Economics. He is also the co-author of several books regarding the European andthe Greek economy, and economic development and growth. Dionysis G. Valsamis is a Researcher in the Department of Economics at theNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. He is the co-author oftwo books and has published articles in academic journals. His research interestsinclude monetary policy, economic growth, and the implementation of economicpolicies in Europe.

• Part I: The Basics of Cultural Background.- Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Human Needs and Actions.- Chapter 3: Behavioral Identity.- Chapter 4: The Big-Five Personality Characteristics.- Part II: Attitudes and Behaviors.- Chapter 5: Happiness, Life Satisfaction, Health and Political Self-Determination.- Chapter 6: Principles and Beliefs.- Chapter 7: Creativity, Incentives and Attitudes to Life.- Chapter 8: Social Behaviors.- Chapter 9: Voting Intention, Rationalism, Welfare State and Happiness.- Part III: Attitudes on Economic Policy.- Chapter 10 Economy and Economic Policy.- Chapter 11: Public Sector and Investments.- Chapter 12: State, Taxation and State Welfare.- Part IV: Risk Preferences, Loss Aversion and Rationality.- Chapter 13: Rationality and Loss Aversion.- Chapter 14: The Global Preference Survey: Attitudes towards Risk, Positive and Negative Reciprocity and Altruism.- Part IV: Social Behavior Hypothesis.- Chapter 15: Τhe Dipoles of Social Behaviors.- Chapter 16: Testing the Basic Social Modernization Theories.